ࡱ > u R bjbj p& z 8 ] n n n n n n n $ P a F _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ e g f ` n ` " n n " " " * n n _ n n n n _ " T " v [ n n _ b , Fa) $ _ b International Seminar on Integration of Agricultural and Environmental Policies in an Environmental Age August 20-25, 2001, Seoul, Korea CO-ORGANIZED BY KOREA RURAL ECONOMIC INSTITUTE (KREI) AND FOOD AND FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY CENTER FOR THE ASIAN AND PACIFIC REGION (FFTC/ASPAC) CONTENTS 1. Harmonizing agricultural and environmental policies % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 3 E r i k L i c h t e n b e r g , U S A 2 . S o c i o l o g i c a l a s p e c t s o f s u s t a i n a b l e a g r i c u l t u r e a n d i t s p r a c t i c e t h e K o r e a n c a s e % % % % % % % % % % % 4 J a n g H e o , K o r e a 3 . S u s t a i n i n g p r o d u c t i v i t y o f u p l a n d a g r i c u l t u r e i n t h e P h i l i p p i n e s : e x p e r i e n c e s , p o l i c y l i n k a g e s , i m p a c t s a n d l e s s o n s l e a r n e d % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 5 R o g e l i o C . S e r r a n o , P h i l i p p i n e s 4 . I m p o r t a n c e o f i n t e g r a t i o n i n s u s t a i n a b l e f a r m i n g s y s t e m % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 6 K u s u m a D i w y a n t o a n d B u d i H a r y a n t o , I n d o n e s i a 5 . F a r m e r s a t t i t u d e s t o w a r d d e s i g n o f a g r i c u l t u r a l s u s t a i n a b i l i t y p r o d u c t i o n s c h e m e u n d e r t r a d e l i b e r a l i z a t i o n : t h e c a s e o f T a i w a n % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 7 P e i - I n g W u a n d M i n g - T a S u , T a i w a n 6 . A c c e s s i n g t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t r a d e a n d e n v i r o n m e n t % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 8 S o n g - S o o L i m , K o r e a 7 . A r e v i e w o f E u r o p e a n e x p e r i e n c e o f i n t e g r a t i n g e n v i r o n m e n t a l o b j e c t i v e s i n t o a g r i c u l t u r a l p o l i c y a n d p r a c t i c e % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 9 P h i l i p L o w e a n d D a v i d B a l d o c k , U K 8 . P o l i c y D e v e l o p m e n t f o r i n t e g r a t i n g a g r i c u l t u r e a n d t h e e n v i r o n m e n t % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 1 0 C h a n g - G i l K i m , K o r e a 9 . I s s u e s , c o n s t r a i n t s a n d d i r e c t i o n s f o r d e v e l o p i n g s u s t a i n a b l e f a r m i n g s y s t e m i n t h e l e s s - f a v o r e d a r e a s % % % 1 1 J i n - C h a e , Y o o , K o r e a 1 0 . A g r i c u l t u r a l p o l i c i e s a n d s u s t a i n a b l e a g r i c u l t u r a l d e v e l o p m e n t i n M a l a y s i a % % % % % % % % % % % % 1 2 T e n g k u M o h d A r i f f T e n g k u A h m a d a n d A r i f f i n T a w a n g , M a l a y s i a 1 1 . S t r a t e g y o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l a n d n a t u r e c o n s e r v a t i o n i n T a i w a n % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 1 4 S a n W e i L e e a n d P e i - F e n L e e , T a i w a n 1 2 . S u s t a i n a b l e f a r m i n g i n t a p w a t e r s o u r c e a r e a : a c a s e o f p a l d a n g p r o j e c t i n K o r e a % % % % % % % % % % 1 5 K i e - Y u p S h i n , K o r e a 1 3 . P r o s p e c t a n d f e a s i b i l i t y o f s u s t a i n a b l e a g r i c u l t u r a l s y s t e m s f o r s m a l l s c a l e f a r m e r s i n T h a i l a n d : i m p l i c a t i o n s o n e n v i r o n m e n t a l e n h a n c e m e n t % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 1 6 T h a n w a J i t s a n g u a n , T h a i l a n d 1 4 . D e s i g n i n g a n e n v i r o n m e n t a l l y f r i e n d l y a g r i c u l t u r a l s y s t e m : a g r i c u l t u r e a n d e n v i r o n m e n t i n o k i n o e r a b u i s l a n d , J a p a n % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 1 7 T a k a h i k o T a g a m i , J a p a n I n t e r n a t i o n a l S e m i n a r o n I n t e g r a t i o n o f A g r i c u l t u r a l a n d E n v i r o n m e n t a l P o l i c i e s i n a n E n v i r o n m e n t a l A g e , S e o u l , K o r e a , A u g u s t 2 0 - 2 5 2 0 0 1 H A R M O N I Z I N G A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D E N V I R O N M E N T A L P O L I C I E S E r i k L i c h t e n b e r g D e p a r t m e n t o f A g r i c u l t u r a l a n d R e s o u r c e E c o n o m i c s U n i v e r s i t y o f M a r y l a n d m8} t |8@ Xֽ8 ( X 1| ¤Д t`tǘ p <\0 ij\ |x PD . , % XֽX D pT¤ij] XՔp Ǵ ȀX Xֽ\T 0 xȐ D \ ,Ґǔ 买 ɔX. X, \ 0 @ X0 $ QD $0 L8 Xֽ8 \ \ xE( $D XՔ ,҅Ǭ \ p8, 0D $, U\ ǰ Uֽ) D XՔ t 买 ɔX. K, m m , ,҅Ǭ p, \pX, }$E ŀ8X E@ Xֽ X Ȕ xt. 0| D t X Xֽ 8 ij| | \. S u m m a r y I d i s c u s s three general lessons drawn from economic theory and historical experience for improving the performance of agriculture with respect to environmental protection and resource conservation. First, government development of environment-friendly, resource-conserving technologies and government investment in improvements in human capital are critical for making it feasible to reconcile agricultural productivity with environmental quality. Second, because new technologies evoke responses that are difficult to anticipate, it is essential to maintain proper incentives for environmental protection and resource conservation (e.g., taxes on the use of polluting inputs, setting prices of resources at their social opportunity costs, establishing clear property rights). Third, agriculture sector policies like price supports, input subsidies, limitations on imports, and settlement promotion policices are important causes of environmental and resource degradation in many countries; thus, agriculture sector policy reform is necessary to improve environmental protection and resource conservation in agriculture. Key words: agriculture and environment, environmental protection, resource conservation, pesticides, fertilizers, water scarcity, deforestation International Seminar on Integration of Agricultural and Environmental Policies in an Environmental Age, Seoul, Korea, August 20-25 2001 SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ITS PRACTICE -- THE KOREAN CASE Jang Heo Korea Rural Economic Institute, Korea m8} t ɍ 1X PD 8 8 t| P X| ̲ <\ ܭX . ɍ @ X D XՔ <\ ttX| \. \mX ɍ @ 1 9 7 0 D й0 ёŌt| ٳX ( Do