버섯 특화사업의 육성방안

Abstract

우리나라 버섯산업은 국민소득의 향상과 건강에 대한 관심 증가로 2000년대 초반까지 빠르게 성장하였으나 최근 정체상태를 보이고 있다. 그러나 2005년 기준 버섯 생산액이 농림업에서 차지하는 비중은 종전에 비해서는 다소 감소하였으나 1.6%로 특용작물을 앞지르고 있으며 여전히 중요한 소득 작물의 위치를 지니고 있다. 버섯산업은 새송이 버섯의 예에서 보듯이 품종개발이 활발하고 재배방법도 다양해서 품목별 수급안정을 유지하기가 어려운 분야이다. 최근 일부 버섯 생산이 과잉 기조를 보이면서 농가의 경영도 매우 불안정한 상태이다. 우리나라 버섯산업이 지속적으로 발전해 나가기 위해서는 버섯농가의 경영안정을 도모할 수 있는 제도적 장치가 요구되는 시점이다.

이 연구의 목적은 농산버섯의 수급불균형으로 인한 가격하락 및 불안정한 농가소득을 보다 안정화 시킬 수 있는 방안을 찾고자 하는데 있다. 이를 위해 버섯생산부터 소비에 이르기까지 문제점을 파악하고, 수급조절을 통한 가격안정 및 농가소득 안정화 방안을 모색하였다. 나아가 우리나라 주요 버섯 수입국의 생산·소비성향을 파악하여 국가별 수출전략을 제시하였다.

The per capita consumption as well as production of mushrooms has been increasing annually in recent years. Despite the increase in consumption, however, the price of mushrooms has continuously been falling as the mushroom production increased at a faster rate. Also, the seasonal imbalance between supply and demand has brought about uncertainty on farm household income, creating a weak foundation for farm management and raising management risks. This study aims to propose a practical way to secure farm income stability and working strategies to strengthen field competitiveness in relation to the production, distribution, consumption, and export of mushrooms. In general, mushroom spawn and seedbeds carry the largest weight in production cost, followed by lighting and heating expenses, and labor cost. Thus, there is the need for specialized seedbed suppliers who can supply high-quality seedbeds at low prices to secure the competitiveness of mushrooms. Also, it is imperative to build a management system for the production and distribution of high-quality mushroom spawn. The biggest problem in the distribution of mushrooms is the instability of income through price fluctuations and low prices. According to a customer survey, the demand for mushrooms has steadily been increasing due to health and taste reasons. Thus, for the successful increment of domestic consumption, it is necessary to develop mushroom recipes, supply low-priced mushrooms, and reinforce the origin labeling regulation. Even though the demand for "environment-friendly" mushrooms is expected to rise in the future, it is necessary to supply cheap and bio-functional mushrooms, accompanied by continuous PR efforts to promulgate recipes and health benefits. Meanwhile, for the successful export of Korean mushrooms into overseas markets, it is necessary to improve the quality and develop new varieties, and constantly create new demands in local markets. At the same time, it is essential to build export and information support systems. Lastly, government policies should be selective, focusing on specialized leading farms with a growth potential. In particular, the numerous producer groups, such as specialized centers for project management and marketing corporations and councils, and research institutes for the production and marketing of mushrooms should be systemized and led by the tentatively named "Mushroom Marketing Board." For the sustainable operation of the domestic mushroom market, the Board should take the initiative to supervise these organizations and keep the market demand and supply in balance.

Researchers: Kim Yean-Jung, Han Hye-Sung, Lee Wong-yeon E-mail address: yjkim@krei.re.kr E-mail address: funny1978@krei.re.kr E-mail address: coolprog@krei.re.kr