돼지생산이력체계 도입을 위한 현장 적용 모델 개발

Abstract

최근 들어 소의 구제역, 닭의 조류인플루엔자, 돼지의 돼지열병 등 많은 가축 질병들에 대한 보도가 이어지면서 가축방역의 중요성이 크게 대두되고 있다. 2003년 12월 미국에서 소해면상뇌증(BSE, 일명 광우병)이 발병했을 당시 우리나라에서는 즉각 수입통관 보류조치를 취했지만 이미 통관되어 시중에 유통된 축산물에 대해서는 그 유통과정이 명확치 않아 회수하기 곤란하여 소비자의 불만이 고조된 바 있으며, 현 시스템으로는 이를 해결하지 못하고 있다. 이에 따라 소 부문에 대해서는 이미 쇠고기 이력추적제가 실시되고 있으며, 2008년도에 전면 시행을 계획하고 있다. 돼지고기에 대해서도 소비자들이 안심하고 돼지고기를 소비할 수 있도록 시급하게 돼지고기 이력추적(tracking) 및 역추적(tracing) 체계가 구축되어야 한다는 여론이 높아, 정부에서는 돼지고기 이력제도 2007년부터 시범사업으로 도입키로 예정하고 있다. 이 연구는 돼지고기 이력추적체계의 도입을 위한 사전 준비단계로 국내의 유사사례와 선진국의 이력추적체계의 활용방법을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. 따라서 양돈부문의 소비자 안심목적의 이력추적체계 도입을 위한 문제점 사전 검토와 우리 실정에 적합한 이력추적체계 구축방안을 제시하고, 현장에 적용할 모델을 개발하고자 하였다.

This study aims to divide the cases applied a pork traceability system into three types and analyze traceability features of the total six firms formed by one or two firms selected in the each type. For the result, it is founded that the main bottle-neck on the trace and trace-back process is the processing stage. Comparisons of the pork traceability system in developed countries such as Japan, U.S.A., Canada, Denmark, and Netherland indicates some points as the followings. 1) It is necessary that a new institutional system suited to current system is developed because it is difficult that change traditional practice and structure for introducing new traceability system. 2) An obligatory system of pork trace brings a large monetary and administrative burden, thus it is effective to make a road map in a long-term level. 3) Understanding and agreement among the administration, industries and parties concerned are essential. 4) It is important to clarify the operational purpose of pork traceability system. The marketing patterns are embodies into five types through investigation of current pork marketing patterns. Excepting an unconformable type, some firms into the four types are selected to apply for a field test. Those firms are Moguchon, Pukyong, Tamra, and Daesangfarmsco. Strong and weak points among the three alternatives for structuring ID system are comparisoned. Alternative 1 is to construct a separative ID system. Alternative 2 is to include those of other livestock into established cow ID system. Alternative 3 is to impose computational extension codes, forming a separative ID system. It is needed to classify and suggest necessary/optional information by each stage. Information related to pork movement belongs in necessary one and information such as feeding method, disease and inspections corresponds optional ones. Four models are chosen to apply in field test. Model 1 uses a bar-code in all-in all-out system, which has been tested in Daesangfarmsco. Model 2 uses RFID in all stages and is identified by individual pig, which has been investigated in the past Pukyong experience. Model 3 uses RFID in both producing and slaughtering stages. It is identified by individual farm and has been tested in I-pork. Model 4 uses RFID only in the processing stage, which has been tested in Moguchon. Results of practical tests of each model show some problems of models as follows: Model 1 is difficult to apply in complex processing progress and has a weak point in connecting information among stages. Model 2 needs huge operational costs. Model 3 strongly depends on manpower that will enter computational information. Model 4 is likely to draw low productivity during processing operations. Three scenarios can be established according to levels adopting the traceability system. Scenario 1 is the lowest level, adopting barcode system in all stage. Scenario 3 is the highest level, adopting RFID system in all stage. Scenario 2 adopts RFID in only processing stage. For results of cost analysis, the cost of scenario 1 lists 722.9 won per head, while that of scenario 3 shows 1,160 won. For results of cost and benefit analysis, extra cost is 765won/600g, corresponding extra willingness to pay of consumer. Based on all results, we finally draw up construction schemes and detailed operational strategies for pork traceability system.

Researchers: Huh, Duk and Woo, Byung-Joon Research period: 2006. 4 - 2007. 4. E-mail Adress: huhduck@krei.re.kr