가치농정의 개념과 원예작물의 가치 창출 방안

Abstract

The concept of value chain in agriculture refers to the process of direct and indirect activities related to the creation of added values in agricultural management. Its main activities include field activities such as purchase of seeds and seed bulbs, cultivation, sorting, packaging, storage, transportation, marketing sales, distribution, services and post management. The supporting activity is the task of supporting production-based facilities and field work such as purchase, technological development, farmhouse education, etc. The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure of the value chain in the categories of fruit and fruit vegetables, outdoor vegetables, flowering plants and industrial crops. The main problems of the fruit industry are concerned with the tasks of overcoming the huge gaps in product quality, establishing a stable supply base and improving the competitiveness in international markets by expanding the customer base on a mid- and long-term basis. Therefore, the development of excellent species and the popularization of nursery trees are necessary in the input sector while the development and popularization of production technologies less susceptible to climate change and the systematic support for optimizing the economy of scale at the farmhouse level are necessary in the production phase. In the sorting and packaging stage, labor division and specialization of production and shipment, as well as the development of the ability to merchandise processed products of consumers' liking with a high demand are required. In the marketing sector, effective marketing activities should be carried out according to product item and shipping organization. The main problems of the fruit vegetable industry can be attributed to the royalty payment for seeds, unstable price due to increases in the supply and inadequate brand promotion by producer distributors at the supply side. In order to redress the problems, we need to develop and supply energy saving cultivation facilities and spread the use of standard cultivation technologies. In addition, the study has found that it is essential to establish a high-quality agricultural produce supply system. In the sorting, packaging, and processing sector, management technologies and a standardized distribution system after harvest should be established while searching for ways to create added values by developing food products that are suitable for importing countries. In the marketing sector, specialized export complexes should be fostered to diversify exports and to meet the safety requirements of importing countries. The pending issues of outdoor vegetable cultivation are unbalanced supply, lowered price and deteriorating quality due to the lack of drying and processing technologies as well as the absence of plans to expand exports. Therefore, stable farm income should be derived by developing seeds and by expanding contract cultivation and the self-reliance funding system in view of consumers' demand. In the production sector, the contract cultivation between farmhouses and large retailers should be promoted. In the sorting, packaging, and processing sector, technology development for drying, cleansing, storing, and processing agricultural produce according to product item is necessary and the development and merchandising of processed products should be revitalized. In the marketing sector, detailed strategies to expand exports should be developed. The key issues of the floricultural industry are development of new species and production technologies, lack of a grade inspection system for periodic quality control of flowering plants, promotion of a nationwide expert organization, and overall investigation of support projects for effective policy management. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive post-harvest management system and supply necessary facilities for flowering bulbs while securing high-quality seeds from overseas. In the production stage, well-organized systematic production complexes for each type of flower species should be established alongside operating workers in full charge of quality control. In the sorting?packaging?storage sector, the basis for modernizing production facilities must be prepared. In the shipping and marketing sector, a systematic produce tracking system must be installed by assigning individual ID numbers to farmhouses. At the same time, it is necessary to cope with changes in the shipping environment by establishing an Internet auctioning system. For the overall supervision of marketing, it is necessary to support efforts to open up new markets and enable farmhouses to share sales information through an auctioning information system. As for industrial crops as in the case of mushrooms, in particular, farm management is difficult due to increases in production cost and the lacking infrastructure for shipping. In order to solve this problem, companies specializing in the production of culture beds should raise competitiveness in terms of price and quality by standardizing and mass-producing culture beds. In addition, a nationwide marketing board should be established to oversee the import and export of mushrooms. In the sorting, packaging, and processing sector, the development of related technologies should be promoted alongside the development and merchandising of processed products. In the case of ginseng, meanwhile, the price competitiveness of white and raw ginseng is low and there is no cooperation system between concerned organizations since as there is no agency performing comprehensive research. Therefore, the production and supply system of excellent ginseng seedlings has to be improved while reducing the production cost by modernizing the sunshades in the input section. In the production sector, the development and popularization of various technologies to utilize rice fields as cultivation beds for ginseng have to take place along with the introduction of crop disaster insurances. In the sorting, packaging, and processing sector, an alternative distribution route with easy safety management has to be developed. In addition, it is necessary to consider adopting an industry cluster model for the continued progress of the industry. For the development of the marketing sector, the establishment of a marketing board is an utmost priority.

Researchers: Park Hyun-Tae, Kim Yean-Jung, Kim, Kyung-Phil, Gouk, Seung-Yong, Choi, Byung-Ok and Han, Hye-Sung Research period: 2008.12.15- 2009.1.16 E-mail address: htpark@krei.re.kr