식량자급률 개념정립 및 새로운 목표치 설정 연구

Abstract

우리나라의 식량자급률은 1970년 86%에서 2009년 27%대로 급속도로 하락하여 OECD 국가 중에서 가장 낮은 수준을 보이고 있다. 국가적으로 요구되는 식량은 수입과 비축을 통해 확보할 수 있지만, 세계적인 기상이변과 불안정한 국제곡물시장 상황 등을 고려할 경우 국내 농업생산기반이 어느 정도 유지될 필요가 있다. 식량자급률 목표치 설정은 국민의 바람직한 식생활과 농정에의 가이드라인을 제시하는 역할을 수행하기 때문에 “농업농촌식품산업기본법”에서는 적정한 식량 자급수준의 목표를 설정 유지하고 농림수산식품부 장관은 농업농촌식품산업 발전 기본계획을 수립고, 기본계획에 식량의 적정 자급목표를 포함하도록 명시하고 있다.

이 연구는 국내외 여건변화에 대응하여 새로운 식량 자급률 목표치를 설정하고, 이러한 목표가 효과적으로 달성되기 위해 필요한 정책 대안을 검토하기 위해 수행되었다. 또한 이 연구에서는 기존의 물량 기준 식량자급률이 식품 전체의 자급률 상황을 반영하는 종합적 지표로서는 한계가 있기에 종합적인 식품자급률 상황을 나타낼 수 있는 자급률 개념의 도입 가능성을 검토하였다.

The main purpose of this study is to reestablish a target of food self-sufficiency rate reflecting changes in and outside the country. Also, the study is aimed at examining policy measures to meet the target effectively. To meet the purpose, the study is largely divided into the five section: 1) examining the possibility of introducing new concept for food self-sufficiency rate, 2) analysing the present situation and a future outlook of food self-sufficiency rate, 3) setting up possible food consumption and production scenarios for reestablishing food self-sufficiency rates of year 2015 and year 2020, 4) suggesting possible targets of food self-sufficiency rate of year 2015 and year 2020, 5) proposing policy measures to meet the target. It is appropriate to use a food self-sufficiency rate of energy supply as overall self-sufficiency rate instead of previous quantity based food self-sufficiency rate. The quantity based self-sufficiency rate has an advantage for understanding each food item. However, it has a difficulty for reflecting overall circumstance surrounding each food item. A calory self-sufficiency rate remedies the shortcoming of a food self-sufficiency rate. Also, it reflects changes in consumer food life. For these reasons, calory self-sufficiency rate is more suitable for overall self-sufficiency rate than quantity based self-sufficiency rate. The estimation results of food self-sufficiency rates for each important food are described. The food self-sufficiency rate of rice is about 98%, the rate for staple food-grain without feed purpose is about 62-65%. In addition, the food self-sufficiency rates for staple food-grain, including feed purpose is 29-30%. For livestock, rate for beef, pork, and chicken is 43-45%, 80-81%, and 85% respectively. The rate for vegetables and fruits is 85%, 75-80%. The food self-sufficiency rate of energy supply is 50% which is increased form the past standard. To improve food self-sufficiency rate, both production side and consumption side should be considered simultaneously. In the consumption aspect, promoting food life education, introducing consumer oriented policies to expand food demand, and promoting low carbon green food life is important. In the production side, efforts to cultivate crops other than rice for the stabilization of food and to differentiate agricultural products quality for improvement of agriculture competitiveness and food safety towards consumer satisfaction is necessary. Researchers: Choi Ji-Hyun, Woo Byung-Joon, and Hwang Yun-Jae Research period: 2010. 5. - 2010. 11. E-mail address: jhchoi@krei.re.kr