과실·특작류 수출시장 확대 방안

Abstract

우리나라의 농식품 수출은 지속적으로 증가하고 있으나, 수입이 더욱 빠른 증가세를 보여 무역수지 적자 폭이 크게 확대되고 있다. 특히, 국제 신용위기 발생 직전인 2008년에는 무역수지 적자가 사상 최고인 188억 달러에 달한 바 있다. 이와 같이 우리나라의 농식품 수출 증가율이 상대적으로 저조한 것은 수출시장을 목표로 생산단계에서부터 고품질 농산물을 재배하는 전문 농가가 부족할 뿐만 아니라 아시아와 아프리카, 남미 등 개발도상국의 수출 확대로 국제 경쟁력을 확보하기 어렵기 때문이다.

그럼에도 불구하고 농식품 수출은 새로운 수요를 창출함은 물론, 농가 소득 향상과 국내 농산물 가격 안정, 그리고 국산 농산물의 품질 향상 등 다양한 긍정적 효과를 얻을 수 있으므로 해외 수출시장 확대를 위한 방안 마련이 필요하다. 이 연구는 수출시장별 특성을 고려하여 주력 농식품 수출 증대와 함께 수출 유망품목 발굴 등 종합적인 수출시장 확대 방안을 모색하고, 수출 시장 분석과 소비 조사결과 등을 토대로 보다 구체적이고 실증적인 세부 품목별 수출시장 확대 방안을 도출하기 위해 수행되었다.

This research is about increasing Korean agro-food products export to foreign market. This is the first year draft from 2 year research project. The main purpose of this research is to support export policy of domestic agro-food products. To meet the end, the study mainly focuses on general export policies and institutional improvement. Previous agro-food export studies usually deal with a specific food item or country while this research addresses multiple items and countries. Especially, the first year draft deals with main export items and markets. This report describes a current condition of agro-food export market, and points out its important characteristics and inherent problems. Also analyzes the competitiveness of domestic agro-food products in two important export markets. In this research, foreign consumers’ preferences toward domestic fruits, ginsengs&mushrooms are surveyed. The survey results are utilized to derive necessary policies and its future directions to increase export markets. This research categorizes agro-food export system into six different stages and suggests policy recommendations to increase export to foreign markets on each stage. Firstly, in the production stage, it is difficult to secure the sufficient quantities and proper qualities. Not enough room for price negotiation is also a problem. To solve the problems, organizing farm to scale and government’s expenditure on R&D investment is necessary. In the commercializing stage, poor conditioned facilities and inadequate adoption of buyers’ requirements cause problems. These can be solved by providing new facilities to improve products' qualities with fostering export-specialized farms. In the export logistics stage, a lack of cold-chain system and an inefficient logistics system cause decreasing quality and increasing managerial cost problems. Also governmental export logistic subsidies cause an unnecessary side effect. Providing a proper logistic system with a new subsidy scheme is strongly recommended to enhance efficiency. In the quarantine and customs clearance stage, the government has to make a mutual agreement with the importing country to alleviate an existing strict quarantine system. In the stage of distribution in the importing countries, excessive price competitions between exporting companies cause several drawbacks such as damaging the image and price war. The government has to monitor exporting companies effectively to secure an existing market with proper policies. Finally, foreign consumers’ lack of brand awareness has to be changed. Currently, the main target customer of exporting agro-food products is overseas Korean. Supports on participating overseas food exhibitions and brand promotions, and entering local large-scale retailers are strongly recommended.

Researchers: Kyung-Phil Kim, Ho-seok Han E-mail: kkphil@krei.re.kr