농림수산 서비스산업 발전방안 연구

Abstract

농림수산 서비스산업은 농산물의 생산, 식품제조, 농자재 생산 및 농어촌 지역주민의 생활과 경제활동을 지원하는 모든 서비스를 포함하며, 국가적으로나 지역적으로 일자리 창출과 부가가치 창출 효과가 매우 큰 산업으로 성장잠재력이 큰 산업이다. 그런 의미에서 농림수산업의 외연을 넓히는 차원에서 서비스산업을 적극 육성, 지원할 필요가 있다. 특히, 그동안 생산부분과 전후방관련산업 중심의 정책을 추진해 오던 농림수산 분야가 앞으로 안정적으로 성장하기 위해서도 서비스산업의 발전은 필수요건으로 부각되고 있다. 그럼에도 아직까지는 농림수산 서비스산업에 대해 일반적으로 합의된 정의조차 없는 상황이며 농림수산 서비스산업에 관련된 국내외 연구자료도 거의 없는 실정이다. 이같은 맥락에서 이 연구는 농림수산 서비스산업에 대한 개념을 명확히 구분하여 정의하고, 생산, 부가가치, 사업체 수, 취업자 수 등 현황을 정량적으로 파악했다는 점에서 매우 가치있는 보고서이다.

The purpose of this study is to define the concept of ‘Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Service Industry: AFFSI’ draw implications by analyzing the industry's current state and examples of its development around the world, and make strategies to develop the industry which has a high utility value as the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries industry's future engine of growth. No clear definition has been established for the generally agreed concept of AFFSI. In order for the AFFSI to take root as a legitimate industry sector, it is important to have a clear definition and a detailed description of the industry's functions and roles. In this study, AFFSI is defined economic activities that expeditiously assist the production, delivery, distribution and consumption of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries's produce and foods. The concept is defined as a generic term for all service activities (businesses) related to agriculture, forestry, and fisheries's production and products. Based on this definition, industries with similar characteristics are classified and adopted in the analysis of the current state. The backward service industry is a service industry that manages production elements of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries and assists their speedy input. The service industry includes logistics of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries's inputs, wholesals and retails, and service businesses. The production-related service industry is a service industry that helps make these production more expeditious. Examples of such an industry include production and management consulting, farmland transaction, and accident insurance. Forward services are services that help make the delivery of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries's commodities to consumers more smooth, and local services are services that support the smooth operation of a farming community, the basic unit of production, or services such as landscape agriculture and rural tourism other than the field production of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries's commodities. In order to understand the current state of the AFFSI, this study analyzed the industry's total output, the value added, and employment figures using the Input-Output Tables of the Bank of Korea. Also, the numbers of businesses and employees are analyzed based on Statistics Korea's basic statistics on businesses. Analysis results showed that while the share of forward and backward businesses decreased a little, the share of producer, region, and food-related services increased a little. In the case of region-based services, in particular, it is thought that they can play an important role in invigorating the regional economy since the number of workers the region-based businesses employ is increasing despite their small share in the local economy. Also, since the number of employees is on an increasing trend despite the decline in the number of businesses, the industry structure shows a continued progress in increasing the business scale of the services. Therefore, there is a need to improve the institutional support so that it can actively respond to the structural change of the service industry. Meanwhile, the purchasing pattern of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries products and foods is diversifying due to increasing income and diversifying consumer taste. As a result, there is a need to increase the value added by invigorating the service industry. Moreover, since it was shown that AFFSI businesses and workers are concentrated in the Seoul metropolitan region and large cities, it seems necessary to make a plan to induce the spread of AFFSI businesses and workers from large cities to rural areas. With respect to the basic direction for developing the AFFSI, it is important to raise the understanding that the AFFSI contributes to the growth of the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries industry as a whole, and secure consistency in implementing policies with a clear set of rules made through consultation between government ministries. To achieve these goals, this study made the following suggestions as part of a mid and long-term development plan: differentiation of development direction and support system for the public and private sectors, increase in R&D investment, and improvement of statistics and regulations. First of all, it is necessary to speedily provide necessary public services that the private sector cannot provide those due to high cost, such as weather services and employment inducements, and this should be done at the central government level through a special budget. Also, it is necessary to accelerate the spread of AFFSI businesses by actively finding successful cases of such businesses in industry areas where it has been difficult for private firms to make inroads into and by making business models and promotion programs to spread agricultural service businesses nationwide. Although the share of AFFSI businesses to the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries industry as a whole has been increasing gradually, the service businesses are still small and show low productivity due to weak R&D investment. Therefore, in order to make innovations and transform the industry into an engine of growth, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics and patterns of each service sector and develop R&D projects of multiple types, rather than one uniform project. Also, there is a need to improve the statistics related to AFFSI. Currently, there are statistical data provided by public institutions and these are "Service Business Statistics Survey" of Statistics Korea and "Input-Output Tables" of the Bank of Korea. However, since these statistical data have limitations and cannot precisely figure out the current state of the AFFSI, it is necessary to make improvements. In the case of new agricultural service businesses and employment types, data is not available and, therefore, it is necessary to make the government support system efficient and raise consistency by merging the support functions of related ministries while expanding the statistics organization and infrastructure. Lastly, it is necessary to improve the regulations on the agricultural service industry. In developing the service industry, finance and tax benefits are powerful tools but the fundamental way to address the issue is to improve the regulations and institutions. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account special business or regional environments and take measures loosening the regulations that hinder the development of the agricultural service industry and push forward legal and institutional reorganization in response to structural changes of the economy.