북한의 농업법제 고찰 : 농업조직 및 농지관리를 중심으로

Abstract

최근 북한의 농업 관련법이 정비됨에 따라 해당 법조문이 우리에게 알려지기 시작했다. 이는 두 가지 사실을 의미한다. 북한의 농업 관련법에 대한 연구를 추진할 수 있는 기초가 형성되고 있으며, 북한 농업 연구를 제도적 차원에서 보완하는 계기가 마련되고 있음을 의미한다. 지금까지 농업 관련법을 기초로 북한 농업에 대한 분석을 시도한 연구는 많지 않았다. 우리가 북한 법령에 관한 정보를 거의 가지지 못했기 때문이다. 그 법령에 대한 접근성이 높아짐에 따라, 우리는 수집 가능한 법령을 정리하여 북한 농업의 실상을 알려주고 있는 자료를 보완할 수 있다. 이 연구는 다음과 같은 목적하에 수행되었다. 첫째 목적은 법규 분석을 기초로 우리가 알고 있는 북한의 농업조직과 농지관리 실태를 더 구체화하는 데 있다. 둘째는 장차 남북한 통일 과정에서 예상되는 북한지역 농업재편에 필요한 법률적 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 셋째는 북한의 주요 농업 관련 법규에 관한 이해도를 높이는 것이다. 우리가 입수할 수 있는 북한법은 매우 제한적이다. 그리고 북한법은 체계적으로 정리되어 있지도 않은 상태이다. 따라서 현상의 해석에 법이 제공하는 엄정성을 아직 우리 연구에서 기대할 수는 없다. 그러나 이제 첫 발을 뗐고 이를 통해 북한 농업 실태 파악에 중요한 진전이 있을 것이라고 생각한다.

Recent developments in North Korea have begun to shed greater light on provisions related to agriculture in the North Korean legal framework. This has two major implications. Firstly, such developments form the necessary foundation by which to promote further research on North Korean agricultural law. Secondly, they provide an opportunity to supplement prior research on the institutional dimensions of North Korean agriculture from a legal perspective. To date, research on North Korean agriculture as it relates to North Korean law has been relatively scarce due to a lack of information on the greater North Korean legal framework. As more information has become available, we recognize the need to update and improve research materials reflecting the realities of North Korean agriculture, including recent legal developments. In addition, analysis of North Korean agricultural laws is also an important task in preparation for North-South unification. The purpose of this research is threefold. By analyzing North Korean agricultural law we hope to complement the current understanding of the realities of North Korean agricultural organization and management. We also draw conclusions about the current legal framework’s implications for the future reform of regional agriculture in North Korea. Lastly, we hope to improve the general understanding of North Korean agriculture and its legal framework through discussion of North Korea’s most important agricultural laws. This research is largely divided into three sections. The first section is a legal examination of the North Korean agricultural sector’s organization and management system. The second section examines the legal realities of land ownership and management, while the third section introduces and discusses the most important laws pertaining to agriculture. In the first and second section we make reference to the following North Korean laws: laws and regulations about land reform(1946), regulations about state farm(1949), strengthening measures of agricultural cooperative farms(1954), standard regulations of agricultural cooperative farms(1958), business organization of agricultural cooperative farms(1961), Socialist Agricultural Thesis(1964), Land Law(1977,1999), Civil Law(1999), Socialist Commercial Law(1994), Public Economy Planning Law(1999), Finance Act(2004), Labor Law(2009), Agricultural Law(2009), Farm Bill(2009), Food Policy Law(2009), foreign investment laws (1984-2009). The discussion of major laws relating to agriculture focuses on the purposes and special characteristics of each law, their important clauses, stipulations, provisions, and revisions and how these relate to North Korean agricultural government organs, agricultural policy, and future unification. This discussion includes the following laws: draft standard regulations of agricultural cooperative farms, Farm Bill, Socialist Agricultural Thesis, Agricultural Law, Forest Law, Public Economy Planning Law, Socialist Commercial Law, Food Policy Law, Land Law, property right regulations on Constitutional Law, Civil Law, foreign investment laws of the DPRK.

Researchers: Young-Hoo Kim, Min-Ji Nam E-mail address: kyhoon@krei.re.kr