새만금 농업용지 미래 수요 분석 및 토지이용 연구

Abstract

이 연구는 새만금 농업용지 미래 수요 분석 및 토지이용 계획(안)의 수립 과정에서 해당 농지의 실질적 관리주체인 농림수산식품부와 한국농어촌공사 등의 의견을 적극 수렴하여 더욱 실천 가능한 토지이용계획(안)을 마련하였다.

This paper reviewed the demand for land including grain complexes according to the perspectives of domestic and foreign agriculture and the changes in the development environment of agricultural land in the Semangeum. We suggested the needs for compensating the utilization plans of agricultural land. These needs include: (1) reanalyzing the demand for agricultural land in Semangeum, in consideration of the changes in the conditions and environment of domestic and foreign agriculture; (2) analyzing the site conditions of Semangeum; and (3) analyzing the changes in the conditions of the food and agriculture industries through determining their directions, in consideration of the conditions and changes of the global markets. The purposes of this paper include: (1) reanalyzing the prospective demand for agricultural land in Semangeum, in consideration of the changes in the conditions and environment of domestic and foreign agriculture; and (2) making basic land utilization plans and compensating for the utilization plans of agricultural land, with the Agropark concept fit to Korea. While this study has been done mainly by the researchers in the Korea Rural Economic Institute, we have also constructed the advisory and cooperative research system with foreign experts, preparing to introduce and establish the advanced Agropark concept. This study consists largely of the four steps: (1) reanalyzing the demand for agricultural land in Semangeum; (2) redetermining the direction to develop agricultural land in the reclaimed land of Semangeum; (3) reanalyzing the validity of the development of new agricultural land in Semangeum; and (4) making land utilization plans of agricultural land in the reclaimed land of Semangeum. In reanalyzing the demand for agricultural land in Semangeum, we performed: (1) analysis of the changes in the conditions of the domestic and foreign agriculture; and (2) analysis on demand for the reclaimed land and the changes in the site conditions of Semangeum. In redetermining the direction to develop agricultural land in the reclaimed land of Semangeum, we performed: (1) reviews on the current agricultural and food industries and related topics; (2) analysis on the cases that foreign Agroparks were utilized as agricultural land; and (3) estimation of proper areas of the agricultural land in Semangeum by its use and division. When the validity of the development of new agricultural land in Semangeum was analyzed, its proper area and validity were estimated after correcting and compensating the land utilization plans. When plans to utilize agricultural land in Semangeum were made, the basic plans and land utilization plans were derived by introducing the Agropark concept fit to Korea, through the advices from the domestic and foreign experts including ones from Netherland in particular. The supplementary plan to the Saemangeum Agricultural Land Use Plan is as follows. First, the multi-purpose grain complex of 3,995ha amongst the existing complexes will be redesignated as a food production complex, and its land size will be readjusted in the direction of reducing it. But, in order to cope with future demand, the agricultural land for rice cultivation should be transformed into a general-purpose farmland for growing both rice and other crops. In addition, a portion of the food production complex shall be used as a seed production field for the production of different varieties and cultivars including those of "special rice". As for the organic agricultural complex of a natural circulation type, the land size shall be maintained at the current level of 304ha. The complex will be structured in such a way that would enable the coexistence of crop cultivation with the cultivation of feed crops for organic livestock and use of animal waste. The agricultural complex seeks to increase the efficient use of biogas under the concept of "Agropark" in the sense that energy is recycled through open management rather than material circulation within the complex. Of the 2,355ha of the horticultural complex, the horticulture export complex (1,352ha) shall be made to accommodate mass production of horticultural crops, but some parts of the general horticultural complex (1,003ha) should be transformed to perform other functions. Of the general horticultural complex, 100ha should be developed into a production-integrated agro-medical complex installed with plant factories of horizontal types or glass greenhouses. A health food production and supply system should be built by blending research-proven medicinal and medical agricultural produce with cutting-edge information technologies. In addition, 300ha of the general horticultural complex should be used as a seed production complex for vegetables, flowers and feed crops. As for the Agro-Industry Cluster, the current size of 300ha should be maintained but its functions should be enhanced. A multi-functional industrialization that reflects today's agricultural trends will be materialized through these efforts, and this can increase the competitive strength of the agro-industry and its added values. Within the next 10 years, around 30,000ha of land across the country is expected to be reclaimed for agricultural use. In order to use a reclaimed farmland as a large-scale, high income-generating agricultural complex that is competitive in the 21st century, it is essential to conduct an advance research for the production of salt and cultivation of various crops. Accordingly, a technology-intensive futuristic agricultural test complex with enhanced functions should be built to secure the international competitiveness of agriculture, but the area size will remain at the current level of 170ha. As for the new complexes, a seed complex and a multi-purpose horse complex are to be newly introduced. First, private research institutes and companies are set to move in to the private Seed Valley (approximately 54ha) which is envisioned by Gimje City located next to the Saemangeum reclaimed land. As a result, it will be necessary to have a large complex for plant breeding and seed production. Therefore, a breeding complex with an area size of 166ha should be introduced within the reclaimed farmland for mostly conducting research on plant breeding. Although the area size of the seed production field in the breeding complex is not specified separately, 300ha of the existing horticultural complex and 100ha of the food production complex shall be used as seed production fields. The Saemangeum region is an ideal location for breeding and raising horses since there is plenty of forage, which is a prerequisite to the development of the horse industry. Besides, since China, as well as Southeast Asia, is emerging as a new market for the horse industry, the Saemangeum region is expected to emerge a strategic export base in the future. Therefore, 200ha of land should be allocated as a multi-functional horse complex where horses are bred, raised, trained, and cared for various purposes including tourism.