농촌지역 공유자원의 운영실태와 개선방안 연구

Abstract

농촌지역에서 지역주민이 공동으로 사용하는 산림·수자원·목초지 등은 해당 농촌지역 주민들의 생활과 경제활동, 지역사회의 유지·발전에 중요한 역할을 해왔다. 그러나 농촌인구의 지속적 감소와 고령화, 농촌경제구조의 변화, 공동체의식 약화, 사유재산과 시장경제 확대 등의 여건 변화로 농촌지역 공유자원이 농촌지역사회에서 차지하는 중요성이 감퇴하고 있다.

최근 농촌의 자연환경, 여가 및 문화 등 농촌지역이 갖고 있는 지역 어메니티를 활용한 지역활성화에 관심이 고조되고 있다. 이에 정부는 사라져가는 전통 농어업 자원을 발굴·보전·전승하기 위해 농어업유산제도를 도입·시행하거나 농촌지역 전통자원의 지역별 브랜드화, 관광자원 활용 등을 통하여 지역경제 활성화 및 이미지 제고를 기대하고 있다.

이 보고서는 수리계·공동방목장·산림계·지역공동브랜드를 농촌지역 공유자원 조사대상으로 설정하고, 농촌지역 공유자원의 이용 및 운영 메커니즘을 규명하였다. 나아가 공유자원의 지속 가능한 관리 방안을 모색함으로써 향후 농촌 지역공동체의 자율적 운영 및 거버넌스 구축에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

In the traditional rural society, common pool resources (CPRs) have played an important role on economic activities and living conditions of rural residents and sustainable development of regional society. But political philosophers and economists have understood that if citizens respond only to private incentives, public goods would be under-provided and public resources over-utilized. It was called the tragedy of the commons. To escape from the tragedy of the commons, and enhance the efficient utilization of CPRs, inquiries of the traditional cooperative system and investigations of its institutional and mechanism design are important. Its research also improves understandings of the governance relationship between residents, local governments and the central government. Major findings and policy recommendations could be summarized as follows; the common utilization of the CPRs has played an important role on economies of scale of production and risk sharing between residents. Obstacles of effective utilization of the CPRs, however, might be (1) less investment on the CPRs owing to aging of residents and lack of funds, (2) evaporativity of the CPRs by switching to other purposes, and (3) the need for reorganization of traditional institutions and mechanism of the CPRs because of heterogeneity of members utilizing the CPRs. Policy recommendations in the short run could be (1) subsidies for investment and regulations to reduce over utilization of the CPRs, (2) imposing environment evaluations in switching of CPRs to other purpose, (3) design on the optimal rent rate of public owned resources, and (4) differentiating policy measures for mutual assistance clubs of agricultural water utilities depending on the performance and pattern. The long term policy recommendation could be focused on (1) enhancing the long term investment with extending rent period, (2) organizing local cooperative governance systems and (3) enhancing self reliance and cooperation by differentiated subsidies measures. In theoretical methodology, we investigated conditions of the evolutionary stability and the repeated-reciprocality. Especially, in the coordinate game, we examined conditions and environments to induce Pareto superior solutions.

Researchers: Kyung-Duk Kim, Nae-Won Oh, Chang-Ho Kim Research Period: 2013. 1～2013. 12 E-mail address: kdkim@krei.re.kr