농업 고용 노동력 수급 실태와 대응 방안

Abstract

농업 노동력을 확보하는 것은 한국 농업 생산력의 유지 및 지속가능성 측면에서 아주 중요한 과제로 부각되고 있다. 특히 농가의 가족 노동력이 급감하여 한계 수준에 이르렀기 때문에, 고용 노동력을 원활하게 조달할 수 있는 노동시장을 형성하는 것이 중요한 정책 과제다. 지역에 따라, 작목 및 품목에 따라 고용 노동력 수요와 공급 양상은 다양하게 드러나기 때문에 정책 대응이 쉽지만은 않은 것이 현실이다.

이 보고서에서는 농업 고용 노동력과 관련된 현황을 다각도로 제시하고 있다. 특히, 연간 노동시간 단위로 추산한 통계 분석 자료는 그동안 잘 드러나지 않았던 농업 노동력 수급 실태를 기초적인 수준에서 정량적으로 파악하는 데 도움이 될 것이다. 가족 노동력과 고용 노동력의 구성비 변화가 초래한 농업 현장의 어려움을 극복하려는 사례도 일부 소개되고 있다. 최근에 눈에 띄게 증가한 농축산 분야 외국인 이주 노동자들의 실태도 다루고 있다.

Background of Research Agricultural workforce problems relate to maintaining the production capacity in the middle and long term basis, but directly relate to supply and demand of workforce to cope with shortage in family members available for work. Not until recently, has research on present conditions on agricultural workforce been carried out and alternatives to mitigate problems with supply and demand of workforce have begun to be submitted; however, it is still in its early stage of establishing appropriate policies.

Purpose of Research The purpose of this research is to analyze the current condition of supply and demand of workforce in the agricultural industry and to propose directions to define policies and tasks. Detailed research purpose is as follows. First, present condition on family and employed agricultural workforce is analyzed. Second, characteristics in demand of agricultural workforce are analyzed in the consideration of distinctive types of each entity such as business in crop area. Third, currently existing agricultural workforce employment mechanism is researched and analyzed. Fourth, the policies and system related to agricultural workforce market that have already been in practice and in plan are analyzed and tasks and direction in establishing those policies are proposed.

Research Results and Implications Main methods of research are journal reviews, statistics analysis, survey analysis, and case study analysis. In the result of research, Part 2 reviews previous studies on agricultural workforce issues and trends in system and policies. Part 3 studies the issues raised and policies requested by farm owners regarding agricultural workforce employment; this is carried out by analyzing survey results from farm owners. Furthermore, 'Agriculture, forestry & fishery industry census and agricultural economy' is used in order to analyze the current status and the change in constituent of family and employed workforce. Part 4 analyzes case studies where farm owners utilize their personal social network to secure employed workforce, employ professional workers usually present in major crop production area, employ foreign workers, utilize local workforce policy and recruitment agencies, and local autonomous governments intervene to resolve the issue in local level. Finally, Part 5 reviews recently discussed legislation maintenance and policy development relevant to supply and demand of agricultural workforce, and summarizes analysis results and discussion from previous chapters together to propose tasks and directions in future.

Researchers: Kim Jeong-seop, Oh Nae-won and Heo Joo-nyung Research period: 2014. 1. ~ 2014. 10. E-mail address: jskkjs@krei.re.kr