농가경영안정지원제도 운영 실태와 정책과제(2/2차년도)

Abstract

농산물 시장개방에 따른 수입농산물 공급 증가, 투입재 가격 상승으로 인한 농가교역조건의 악화, 자연재해의 빈도 증가와 광역화 등으로 농업경영위험이 높아지고 있다. 농업경영위험에 대응하기 위해 정부는 소득보전 방식의 직접지불제, 농작물재해보험, 경영회생지원제도 등 다양한 형태의 정책을 시행하고 있다.

농업경영안정지원제도의 성과 제고를 위해서는 먼저 품목별·농가특성별 경영위험 실태를 분석하여 정책적 시사점을 도출하고, 현행 지원제도 운영에 따른 쟁점과 개선과제를 명확하게 파악해야 한다. 이 연구는 농업경영위험 실태, 주요 지원제도의 핵심 쟁점, 농업경영안정화를 위한 제도 개편 방향, 주요 제도별 개편 및 확충방안 제시를 목적으로 시행되었다.

이 연구에서는 농업정책의 비전과 그에 따른 농업경영안정지원제도의 목표를 제시하고, 개별 지원제도 단위의 개선방안을 제시하였다. 직접지불제도의 경우, 정책 개편방안은 물론, 형평성 제고방안, 경영비 상승 대응방안 등을 제시하였다. 농작물재해보험은 대규모 자연재해에 대응하기 위한 방안과 현행제도의 내실화방안을 제안하였다. 또한 농업특성을 반영할 수 있는 경영회생지원체계 확충방안과 시장조성기능 활성화 차원에서 자조금 및 수급안정지원제도의 경영안정기능 강화방안도 제시하였다.

Farm Management Risk and the Need for Policy This study aims to analyze the actual condition of farm management risks for specialized farmers who have a high dependence on agriculture income in the industrial aspect. Moreover, this study analyzes major issues of a current Farm Management Stabilization Support System (FMSSS) and presents reform and expansion plans of this support system. The farm management risk is increased by high supply volatility caused by natural disasters and animal diseases, low rates of turnover in accordance with the long growing season, rising input prices, and increasing supply of imported agricultural products in accordance with market openness. A result of farm household economy analysis shows that specialized farmers who have a high dependence on agriculture income are exposed to greater risk than the general farmers since the specialized farms’ agriculture income decrease more and they have a higher debt compared to the general farmers. It is necessary to have a systematic farm management support system in order to stabilize the management risk by reducing the price and supply volatility. Meanwhile, as a result of FTA implementation with 11 countries the tariff of imported agricultural products will be gradually eliminated. Increasing agricultural imports will raise farm management risk such as a decline in production and investment of farmers and rapid declines in prices of agricultural products. Therefore, the government should support farmers with the FMSSS that is different from what the USA or EU, a huge exporter of agricultural products, does to reduce the impact of market risk. Current Issues and Reform Direction FMSSS consists of various programs to manage farm risks. But it should be developed in some parts. 1) The goals of FMSSS should be more clear. 2) Different approaches to management programs should be applied according to the types of crop and risk. 3) The budget of FMSSS is too concentrated on the rice industry. So, it should be allocated to other crops. 4) The purpose of most FMSS programs is stabilization of price and balance of supply-demand in the short term, and they are post measures. So, we need to design long-term and pre-measure programs. 5) The policy target and purpose of FMSSS should be clarified. And the organic linkage between programs is also important.

Reform Concept This study suggests that the vision of agricultural policy should be “to realize the harmony between agriculture, humans and the environment through agriculture as a sustainable industry.” And it also suggests that the goal of FMSSS should be “to stabilize farm management, to guarantee a reasonable standard of living, and to realize sustainable agriculture.” The following are ways to achieve the objective. 1) We need a social consensus about the multi-functionality of agriculture and rural society. 2) We need to cope with the risk of declining profit due to a rapid decline of price, increasing operating costs, direct impact of market openness. 3) We need to support the reasonable standard of living through the stabilized farm management conditions.

Researchers: Park Joonkee, Oh Naewon, Ji Sungtae, Lee Hyunkeun, Jeong Hoyeon Research Period: 2015. 1. ~ 2015. 12. E-mail address: jkpark@krei.re.kr