청탁금지법 시행에 따른 농식품 분야 영향과 정책 패러다임 전환

Abstract

공직자 등에 대한 부정청탁 및 공직자 등의 금품 등의 수수를 금지하는 청탁금지법이 시행된 지 9개월이 지났다. 공직 기강의 확립과 투명하고 공정한 사회를 구현한다는 법 취지와는 별개로 경제적 파급영향에 대한 논란이 법령 제정 당시에는 물론, 법 시행 이후에도 거듭되고 있다. 이 연구는 청탁금지법의 파급 영향이 큰 분야로 제기되는 농축산업 및 외식업과 관련하여 법 시행 이후에 나타난 영향에 대해 조사 등을 바탕으로 실증적으로 분석하고 산업계와 정부의 대응 방향과 과제를 제시하기 위해 수행되었다. 이 연구를 위해 생산, 고용, 판매 관련 통계 지표를 비롯하여 대형유통업체의 매출액, 도매시장 거래자료, 법인카드 외식·화원업 결제 실적 등의 자료를 수집하였으며, 법 시행 이전의 변동 추세를 고려하면서 법 시행에 따른 영향을 분석하였다. 우리 사회의 주요 구성원인 직장인과 소비자가구를 대상으로 법 시행에 대한 평가, 선물·접대에 대한 인식과 태도, 소비행태 변화 등을 설문조사하였으며, 청탁금지법 시행과 관련한 여론에 대해 소셜미디어 데이터 기반의 분석을 실시하였다. 또한 농식품 분야의 우선적 대응 과제를 선정하기 위해 전문가조사를 실시하였다.

According to the survey results, since the implementation of the act, while treating clients to a meal has declined, the frequency of meals with family has increased, with at-home consumption of fruit, nuts, meat, and convenience food growing somewhat. According to the result of analyzing public opinions through social media big data, positive sentiment was stronger than negative sentiment in connection with the enforcement of the law. Negative sentiment was relatively strong right after the implementation of the act and at holidays. Economic and legal factors have positive effects on negative remarks on the law. In particular, economic factors were analyzed to have bigger effects. This has a meaning similar to the result of the survey on office workers and consumer households. Response Direction on the Agri-food Sector and its Policy Tasks Since the anti-graft act took effect, agri-food consumption has shown the following trends. First, with demand for gifts and meals for clients decreasing due to the enforcement of the law, demand for agri-food has declined. Second, as everyday personal consumption of agri-food has become important instead of gifts or meals for clients, agri-food consumption has diversified (everyday consumption pursues convenience agri-food; personal consumption demands the diversity of agri-food). Third, agri-food consumption has come to depend on cost-effectiveness(reasonable prices and the quality suitable for personal taste). In the agri-food sector, a policy paradigm shift is required not only to respond to the short-term decrease in consumption due to the implementation of the anti-graft act, but also to actively respond to medium- and long-term changes in consumption trends. A shift is needed from a uniform orientation towards high quality in the past to differentiation of products and services and customized supply. To relieve agri-food consumption decrease in the short term, it is necessary to seek macroeconomic demand measures including issuing coupons for purchasing agri-food, in connection with the social agenda such as promoting childbirth, and to develop and diffuse simple gifts or economical menus. To fundamentally respond to changes in agri-food consumption trends, the following medium- and long-term strategies are needed: 1) differentiation of products and services suitable for the region or situation; 2) supply of products and services customized to age groups, gender, and family composition; and 3) provision of information on the trends in consumption and markets by product and sector. Major policy tasks by product and sector are as follows. - Korean beef: Strategies for increasing demand are important, including "promoting Korean beef for export" and "supporting school meals." Given urgency and feasibility as well as importance, efficient marketing strategies are necessary, including "supporting and certifying direct sales stores" and "boosting transactions of cuts of meat." - Fruit: In terms of importance and urgency, it is needed to "expand a school meal and refreshment project" and "establish a system for dispersing shipment concentrated on holidays and stably supplying fruits." - Flowering plants: "Expanding programs for promoting consumption" and "increasing sales channels" are important, urgent, and feasible. - Ginseng: "Support for expanding export" and "campaigns and marketing for boosting consumption" are important, urgent, and feasible. - The food service industry: It is important and urgent to "develop customized menus," "build a supply system of community-based food ingredients," and “secure consumer trust and safety.”Researchers: Lee Yongsun, Min Kyungtaek, Park Seongjin, Lee Hyungwoo, Park Hanul, and Byun SeungyeonResearch period: 2016. 11.~2017. 5.E-mail address: yslee@krei.re.kr