가정간편식(HMR) 산업의 국내산 원료 사용 실태와 개선 방안

Abstract

1인 가구, 맞벌이 증가 등 가구 특성 변화에 따라 식사행태 및 문화도 빠르게 변화하고 있다. 이러한 영향으로 가정간편식 시장도 2010년 이후 연평균 16.1%씩 성장하고 있으며, 올해 초 발생한 코로나19 확산으로 인해 가정간편식(HMR) 시장은 더욱 빠르게 성장하고 있다.

가정간편식 산업 성장에 따라 식품산업의 중요한 과제인 국내 농업과의 연계성을 강화시키는 노력이 필요해 보인다. 가정간편식은 국내산 원료 사용 비중이 가공식품에 비해 높으며 성장 가능성도 크기 때문이다. 가정간편식 시장 성장에 부응하여 국내 농업과의 연계성을 강화한다면 국내 농가소득을 증가시키는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구의 목적은 가정간편식 생산원료 이용 실태와 거래ㆍ조달구조, 국내산 원료 사용 애로 및 개선 요인을 분석하여 가정간편식 생산의 국내산 농산물 활용 증대를 위한 개선 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 국내산 원료 사용 확대를 위한 과제는 크게 원료 사용자 측면과 제품 소비자 측면에서 발굴하였다.

Background and Purpose As the number of one-person and double-income families increases, the market for home-meal replacements (HMRs) is rapidly growing. However, if the HMR market’s growth is not linked to local farming, its growth will not have positive impacts on domestic agriculture, such as farmers’ income increase.

Therefore, it is necessary to analyze HMR producers’ characteristic and factors which encourage or discourage domestic use of agricultural products. Specifically, we considered measures from the perspectives of HMR ingredient suppliers and HMR consumers.

The purpose of this research is to suggest measures to increase domestic agricultural products in HMRs by analyzing ingredients of HMR products, types of transactions and supply.

Research Methodology This research applies various analysis methods, including literature reviews, interviews of HMR producers, vendors and experts, surveys for producers and consumers, case studies on overseas policies. The research examined and identified the characteristics of HMR production, sales, and ingredient transaction/procurement through interviews. For quantitative analysis, this study used a Tobit model and Heckman’s two-step procedures, representing censored regression models, and logistic regression analysis to explore factors affecting the use of domestic ingredients including the HMR companies’ characteristics (firm age, HMR sales, etc.), exports, and contract-based cultivation. Concerning consumers’ preference analysis, we used logistic regression and ordered logit models based on consumer survey data.

Key Findings The total HMR sales in 2019 amounted to KRW 4.22 trillion. Ready-to-heat (RTH) food and ready-to-cook (RTC) food took the largest share, followed by ready-to-eat (RTE) food, fresh convenience food, and meal kits (ready-to-prepare or RTP). HMR companies with large sales mainly produce hamburgers/sandwiches, instant soup/ stew, and dumplings. Their products are mostly sold through convenience stores. Meal kits, whose demand is soaring recently, are sold through megastores, while fresh convenience products, such as salads, are sold mainly by online malls.

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Researchers: Kim Kyungphil, Yoo Jeongho, Lim Seungju, Kim Jiyeon, Myeong Suhwan, Seok Junho Research period: 2020. 1. ~ 2020. 10. E-mail address: kkphil@krei.re.kr