중국의 주요 농산물주산지 변동에 관한 연구

Abstract

1992년 한·중 수교 이후 양국 간 농산물 무역이 급격히 증가했지만 적자규모도 지속적으로 확대되고 있다. 2005년 이후 중국은 우리나라의 최대 농산물 수입상대국으로 부상하였으며, 국내 농산물 공급에서 중국산 농산물에 대한 의존도가 점차 심화되고 있다. 곡물과 채소류를 중심으로 중국산 농산물의 수입이 확대되는 추세는 앞으로도 지속될 것으로 보인다. 중국은 중앙정부 차원의 주산지 육성 정책을 추진하여 주요 농산물의 생산이 주산지를 중심으로 집중되는 현상이 심화되고 있다. 중국의 주요 농산물 가운데 우리의 관심 품목을 중심으로 주산지 분포의 특성, 변동요인과 영향 등을 체계적으로 파악하고 지속적으로 관찰할 필요가 있다. 이는 중국산 농산물에 대한 수입의존도가 높은 우리나라 입장에서 위기상황시 대응능력 제고를 위해서도 매우 필요하다.

이 연구는 국내 농산물 수급에 영향을 미치고 있거나 미칠 것으로 예상되는 중국 주요 농산물의 수급 상황과 주산지 분포 및 변동 상황, 변동 요인, 주산지간 비교우위 등을 분석하고, 이를 토대로 우리 농업에 대한 시사점을 제시하는데 목적을 두고 있다.

Agricultural trade between Korea and China has increased rapidly since they formed the bilateral diplomatic relationship in 1992. As a result, Chinese's share in the Korean agricultural import market has progressively expanded. The purpose of this study is to analyze the domestic demand and supply situations of some main agricultural products as well as to trace the changes in their main production areas in China. Ultimately, this study try to derive some policy implications from the analyses. Some research findings from this study are as follows; First, the core factor of the change in the main production area is natural and geographic conditions for most products in China. As the market economy expands, however, the relative profitability has become an important variable which has significant consequences in the farmers' decision making. Second, agricultural policy factor is still important until nowadays in China. The 'Geographical Distribution Planning of Advantageous Agricultural Crops' which Chinese government has introduced since 2003 affected the formations of main production areas and their changes for most agricultural products. China tried to facilitate the concentration of some agricultural products in the main production areas through the boosting policies. In those areas, the agricultural industrialization models of "Leading Enterprises, Production Base and Farmers" appeared and developed the qualities as well as the competitive advantages to make it exporting industries. Third, Northeast of China, especially Heilongjiang province, is specialized as the main production area of medium and round grains of rice. Thus, it may be potential threat to the Korean rice industry with regard to the tariffication of rice sometime in the future. Korea need to respond strictly when it comes to have negotiations for FTA with China in considering the effects on rice industry. Fourth, the importance of monitering and tracing the market situations in China has increased as the import dependency ratios of corn and soybean from China are rising recently. Korea also needs to diversify its import partners other than China for the stable supply of these grains. Fifth, Korea imports some spicy vegetables most of which are produced in the large-scale vegetable exporting bases at Shandong province in China. If it is inevitable for Korea to import them from China for the stable domestic supply of spicy vegetables, it should emphasize the safety rather than the quantity of imported vegetables. That's why Korea need to consider the possibilities of establishing quarantine office at the main production areas in China to enhance the safety of importing vegetables. Finally, Korea may benchmark Chinese's models of the agricultural industrialization projects to intensify the linkage of agriculture and food industry. The agricultural industrialization policies are vitalized at the main production areas of each item in China. Researchers: Hyoung-Jin Jeon, Myong-Keun Eor, Jing-Hu Li E-mail address: hjchon@krei.re.kr