표준규격공동출하사업 공동선별비 제도개선 및 풀이용단가 조사

Abstract

이 연구는 농산물 표준규격공동출하사업이 변화하는 농산물 유통환경에 적합한 추진체계를 구축할 수 있도록 개선방안을 제시하고 물류기기 이용료 단가를 조사하여 국고지원 사업의 예산책정에 객관적 자료를 제시하는 것에 목적이 있다.

The cooperative pooling practices for standardized agricultural products are aimed to enhance produce’s competitiveness by boosting produce’ values and farmers’ income through the cooperative pooling practices by producers’ organizations. In fact, the practices have improved standardization of agricultural products and contributed to better distribution settings of produce, such as large-scale shipment, more active palletization, and more desirable wholesale markets. However, as the market environments are rapidly changing by new distributors other than wholesale markets (large retailers, food material suppliers, food manufacturers, etc.), the pooling practices failed to reflect those changes properly, causing diverse problems in production as well as in consumption sites. The purpose of this study is to analyze achievements and failures in the cooperative pooling practices for standardized agricultural products and suggest improvements in each sector (packaging cost support, cooperative sorting cost support, and packaging/distribution cost support for Chinese cabbages with a head/radishes). Also, this study is aimed to facilitate appropriation of nationally-supported businesses and activate distribution equipments for produce by investigating proper unit prices to use distribution equipments. Packaging cost support contributed to establishment of standardized packaging of produce, bringing higher distribution efficiency, through more mechanized unloading in wholesale markets, large retailers, and food processors. Meanwhile, it is applied too widely, even to small crop units and individual farms, failing to show satisfactory effect, and struggles with many problems such as large retailers’ requirements for diverse packaging units or arbitrary uses of PB/MPB brands. Cooperative sorting cost support has brought many economic effects such as higher sale prices, cost saving effect and higher farm prices, and non-economic effects including market exploration, sustainable transactions, better productive technologies, higher solidarity, more quality produce, and labor-saving shipment. But it also came with diverse problems; the differential supporting system through evaluation of producer marketing is not sufficient, applications for the support are not coherent, requirements to apply for the support are not clear enough, support for trusted sorting and direct sorting are not different, and the support system for PB/MPB products is problematic. After packaging/distribution cost support for Chinese cabbages with a head/radishes was introduced, shipment of packaged cabbages and radishes has been established, costs for waste treatment in wholesale markets have been saved, and distribution efficiency has been increased. Despite these, the packaging system that has yet to lead to mechanized unloading in wholesale markets, net pack-centered supporting system, and far-reaching support scope are often mentioned as main problems. Here, several improvements in each sector can be suggested as followings, in order to properly implement the cooperative pooling practices for standardized agricultural produce. First of all, in packaging cost support, packaging cost should be supported only for products that require standardized pooling practices in the long term, and application of the standard packaging should be extended to even small pack for proper responses to changes in market environments. Also, in terms of cooperation between farms and retailers, packaging cost support for MPB products should be increased, and package systems along with cooperative sorting cost support should be introduced. As for cooperative sorting cost support, support for MPB products should be extended while support for direct sorting should be decreased. The supporting system should be differentiated by organizations through evaluations, applications for the support should be coherent, and sweet degree marks should be extended. Finally in packaging/distribution cost support for Chinese cabbages with a head/radishes, methods should be examined to limit the support to large-scale businesses and to gradually use corrugated cardboard or plastic boxes in packaging so that packaging can be led to mechanized unloading.