파프리카 대표조직 발전방안 연구

Abstract

파프리카는 원예농산물 중 수출 1위이며 수출농업의 활로를 연 대표적인 품목이다. 최근 파프리카의 국내 수요도 크게 증가하고 있는 추세로서 국내 가격이 상승하여 수출 수요와 경합이 이루어지고 있다. 파프리카 일본 수출은 2001년부터 항공 수송에서 선박 수송으로 전환됨에 따라 가격경쟁력을 확보하여 수출량이 증가하였지만, 일본 시장 의존도가 매우 높은 품목이다. 즉, 수입국인 일본의 파프리카 생산, 유통 및 소비가 직접 국내 파프리카 산업에 영향을 미치게 되므로 이에 대한 리스크를 적절히 분산하지 않으면 국내 파프리카 산업 전체가 불안해지는 구조이다. 그러므로 일본 시장의 변화에 능동적으로 대응하기 위해서는 국내 파프리카 산업의 대표조직 육성과 그 조직이 합당한 역할을 할 수 있도록 지원이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 파프리카 산업의 생산, 유통, 수출, 일본 시장의 동향 파악과 실태 분석을 통해 국내 수요와 수출 수요를 동시에 만족시키고 가격을 안정화 하는 방안을 강구하는 것이다. 이는 결국 국내 파프리카 생산자의 단일 조직, 대표조직을 통해 물량을 조절하는 일이다.

This study was carried out to examine what roles a producer organization representing paprika growers in Korea can and should play to develop the paprika industry and secure a stable access to export markets. Some management ideas for a paprika growers association were suggested after examining the market situation and trend of the paprika industry in regard to production, distribution, and export of paprika and the market situation in Japan. In 2009, the total cultivation area of paprika was 410ha and the total output reached 36,023 tons. Since 2005, the demand as well as the price rose in the domestic market. As a result, the number of farm households growing paprikas for domestic shipment increased. However, the share of farm households growing the crop on less than 1.6ha of farmland accounted for 83%, averaging at 1.1ha. Of these, farm households growing the crop on a farmland with a size between 0.6 and 1.2ha accounted for 48% and those growing on less than 0.6ha of farmland accounted for 35%. Glass greenhouses (average cultivation field of 1.56ha) were the most-widely used facility type to grow paprika, followed by automated greenhouses 0.77ha and vinyl greenhouses 0.42ha. It is estimated that out of total amount of paprika produced in Korea, 40% is consumed domestically and the rest is exported. The amount of paprikas shipped into the Garak wholesale market in Seoul has increased significantly since 2005. In 2010, the shipment increased by five times and turnover grew by nine times with the average unit price increasing by about twice. Average unit price increased faster than shipment amount due to rise in domestic demand. During the periods from January to March and from September to October, when average monthly price is the highest, shipment rose by about three times. But since domestic demand competes with exports when monthly average price is higher than annual average price, there is much dissatisfaction by Japanese buyers. What this implies is that the periods of higher shipment act as a factor lowering the market price of paprikas in the Japanese market. Paprika exports to Japan amount to about 17,000 tons a year with a yearly revenue of about 58,000 dollars. Although attempts have been made to export paprikas to the United States, China, Taiwan, and others, no lasting success was achieved due to uncompetitive price and logistics. But, even if attempts are made to diversify export markets, Japan holds the most advantageous position in terms of logistics. Therefore, the best option is to focus on increasing the current market share of Korean paprika in the Japanese market from 70% to 90%. In the 1990s, Korea's fruit and vegetable exports to Japan increased as a result of strong yen, but plunged since 2001. In the case of paprika, too, the share of domestic shipment rather than exports increased as domestic price rose. Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention not to repeat the past mistake made in exporting fruits and vegetables. A survey has found that 86% of paprika growers recognize Korea Paprika Growers Association(KPGA) as their representative organization. They are positive about the role the association has played so far and have high expectations about what it can do for them in the future too. The domestic paprika market grew and the number of farm households growing the crop for the purpose of selling them to the domestic market only increased too. As a result, domestic price fell sharply and its effect on the export price, too, increased accordingly. Therefore, it is necessary to act jointly to cope with the problem. The way to meet the demand in both the domestic and export markets and stabilize the price is to control the shipment through a single organization representing the producers. In order for KPGA to exert influence as a true organization representing paprika growers, it is necessary to introduce a mandatory relief fund and use it to stabilize domestic prices and expand exports. This is because firmly maintaining the bargaining power in the Japanese market by expanding exports and preventing price fluctuations by securing a certain amount of supplies is the only way to stabilize the income of paprika farmers.

Researchers: Jeong, Eun-Mee and Kim, Su-Rim Research period: 2010. 10. - 2011. 4. E-mail address: jeongem@krei.re.kr