농업환경지표를 활용한 농업환경자원 관리시스템 구축 연구

Abstract

우리나라는 친환경농업이 확산되고는 있지만 ‘고투입-고산출’의 집약적 농업이 지속됨에 따라 농업생산 활동의 환경부하 문제가 여전히 해결해야 할 과제로 남아 있다. 토양, 물, 생태계, 대기 등 농업환경자원이 부적절하게 관리될 경우 이는 지속가능한 농업을 저해하는 요소로 작용할 수 있다. 정부는 ｢제3차 친환경농업 육성 5개년계획｣에서 환경친화적인 농업자원 관리를 통해 지속가능한 농업육성을 정책목표로 설정하였다. 농업환경자원을 적절하게 관리하는데 있어 우리의 농업여건 및 환경에 적합한 농업환경지표를 개발하고 정책과의 연계 방안을 마련하는 것은 매우 중요한 과제이다.

이 보고서는 ｢농업환경지표를 활용한 농업환경자원 관리시스템 구축연구｣에 관한 정책과제의 최종결과물이다. 이 연구는 기존에 개발된 농업환경지표를 이용하여 지역별 농업환경 상태를 진단할 수 있는 핵심지표를 선정하였다. 그리고 핵심 농업환경지표를 이용하여 농업환경자원정보와 농업환경상태를 진단할 수 있는 프로그램으로 지역단위 양분총량제 시범사업 추진방안과 농업환경자원의 효과적인 관리방안 등을 제시하였다.

This study was carried out to supplement previously developed agri-environmental indicators, select and present key indicators for diagnosing the state of agri-environment in each region, and present an effective management scheme for each agri-environmental resources, e.g., soil, water, air, etc, by using information of agri-environmental resources and agri-environmental state diagnosis programs. In this report, Chapter 1 describes the background, purpose, methods and scope of this study. Chapter 2 describes agri-environmental indicators and the system for managing agri-environmental resources. Chapter 3 describes actual development of agri-environmental indicators and the current situation of managing agri-environmental resources. Chapter 4 describes cases of management of agri-environmental resources in major countries including Canada, the US, the UK, Japan, Australia, EU, the Netherlands, etc. Chapter 5 describes schemes of establishing a system for managing agri-environmental resources. Chapter 6 describes the summary and conclusion. The current situation of managing agri-environmental resources in Korea is provision of information, e.g., agri-environmental maps, soil and agri-environment statistics data and fertilizer recommendations with the soil environment information system. In particular, the system is used to diagnose the state of soil nutrients for fertilizer recommendations and to recommend the soil management act to guide farmer’s rational decision making. In addition, the investigation showed current operation of the comprehensive livestock excretion information system, the agricultural weather, disease and harmful inset information connection system, the rural topography information system, the comprehensive information system for rural agricultural water resources, the rural amenity information system, the generalized environmental value system, the environmental space information service, etc. The result of investigating development and use of agri-environmental indicators showed that the expert group laid high emphasis on the necessity followed by reliability of indicators, and the administrator group in charge of policies on the necessity followed by reliability and contribution thereof. For the key indicators shown on the basis of analysis result, the expert group presented the nutrient balance and application of agricultural chemicals, and the policy administrator group did soil, application of agricultural chemicals, etc. Both of the expert group and the policy administrator group firstly selected ‘identification of the current agricultural environment’ followed by ‘training farmers and PR’ for the field aided by agri-environment information and indicators. Both of the expert group and the policy administrator group said that urgently required is to ‘expand training and study programs’, to ‘disseminate environmental indicator guides’, and to ‘expand social meetings and seminars for experts in each field’ as a scheme for encouraging to use agri-environmental information and indicators. For connection of agri-environment diagnosis and policies, using agri-environmental information and indicators, both of the expert group and the policy administrator group presented ‘establishment of agri-environmental resources D/B’ and ‘development and dissemination of contents and programs for agri-environmental training and PR’ as the first required project. With respect to the question related to applying the region-based total nutrient system, both groups laid significantly high emphasis on ‘step-by-step application of the system through first application to the model regions’. Comparison of the state of agri-environment in Korea with OECD, and Japan in similar agricultural conditions to Korea on the basis of early 2000 showed the environment in Korea was worse than in OECD or Japan, in terms of the level of soil loss, the ratio of excessive nitrate in drinking water over the recommended level, the nitrogen balance, emission of ammonia, energy consumption, authorized area for organic farming, etc. The result shown was worse than the level of OECD but better than in Japan in terms of the amount of consumed water for farming, the number of habitats for birds, the phosphate balance, the amount of applied agricultural chemicals, emission of greenhouse gases, the number of farms practicing the nutrient management plans, etc. There were some cases of using soil information of the Korean Soil Information System to analyze the state of soil environment and thus to connect the result with the agri-environmental policies, using the agri-environment variation information. The result of analyzing the case of Dangjin-gun, Chungnam, and the Imgye Nonghyup, Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon-do, showed that they reduced the amount of applied chemical fertilizers by means of soil examination with the soil information in the relevant regions and support of customized fertilizers, and improved the agri-environmental quality. For promoting the region-based total nutrient model project, 6 regions including the regions predicted to be excessive nutrient regions and surrounding regions were selected to analyze the nutrient balance. The result showed 5 regions require special management. For enforcing the region-based total nutrient system, prerequisite requirements include establishing related statistics D/B for calculating the nutrient balance, establishing livestock units for exact calculation of livestock excrement source units, calculating the nutrient balance indicators, and identifying the state of region-based agri-environment improvement, etc. For establishing a system for comprehensively managing agri- environmental resources, it is necessary to update the agri-environmental indicators focused on the key indicators periodically, and to continue management thereof. Also, it is required to construct an infrastructure for managing agri-environmental resources, including establishing an inventory of agri-environmental resources, preparing guidelines for establishing and executing region-based agri-environment management plans, and training manpower specialized in agri-environment. In addition, for smoothly establishing and using the agri-environmental resources management system, required is proper role sharing among related subjects including the central government, municipal bodies, farmers and consumers, construction of a network system, enhancement of training and PR, enhancement of global cooperation, etc.

Researchers: Chang-Gil Kim, Hak-Kyun Jeong, Yoon-Hyung Kim, Tae-Hoon Kim and Dong-Hyun Moon Research period: 2011. 4. ~ 2011. 10. E-mail address: changgil@krei.re.kr