선진 농업금융 사례 분석

Abstract

농업금융은 농가의 원활한 영농활동과 지속적인 성장을 위한 핵심 역할을 담당하고 있다. 특히 농업정책금융은 농업부문의 시장실패를 보완하고 원활한 자금 공급을 통해 영농활동을 지원한다. 이 연구는 선진 농업금융 사례 분석을 통해 시사점을 제시하고, 향후 전개될 농업여건 변화에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있는 농업정책금융 지원체계 마련을 위한 정책과제를 제시하고자 수행하였다. 농업부문은 규모화와 조직화가 진행되면서 보다 자본 의존적 농업 비중이 높아질 것으로 예상되는 한편, FTA 추진으로 농업 내부의 양극화 현상도 불가피할 것이다. 또한 고령화와 저금리시대의 도래, 농협중앙회의 금융지주회사체계로 개편, 농업부문의 리스크관리의 중요성, 지방화의 확대에 따른 지역적 특성을 반영한 금융서비스 수요 증대 등의 농업금융 여건 변화에 대응하기 위한 농업금융 부문의 다각적인 노력이 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 미국, 일본, 독일, 프랑스, 호주, 뉴질랜드 등 6개국의 농업금융 실태를 분석하고, 시사점을 정리하였다. 선진 농업금융 사례분석을 통해 지원 목적과 방향의 명확성, 지원기관 간 역할분담, 지원 자금 성격의 구분, 지방정부의 역할 강조, 농가특성별 자금지원, 금융수단을 통한 소득안정 등 지원체계와 운영방식 측면에서 참고할 만한 시사점이 다수 도출되었다. 사례국가 분석의 시사점과 현행 농업정책금융 실태 분석 결과를 기초로 향후 농업정책금융의 개선 방향과 정책과제를 제시하였다.

Under short-and long-term agricultural financial condition rapidly changed, the current systems for support and management need to be improved in agriculture. The goal of this study is to find out our way for utilizing functions of financial institutions, investigating agricultural finance systems in several countries-Japan, USA, France, Germany, Australia and New Zealand. In agricultural governmental financing system, it has been most important to diversify the way of farm household's financing. The system should include the developed credit management system for risk management. Therefore the investigation of developed agricultural finance system is the key role in this study. In chapter 2, we examine the current status of policy-based agricultural financing. Annual new supply reached by end of 2010 to 9 trillion won which has been increased since 2006. On the balance scale, the agricultural policy financing was 23 trillion won by the end of 2010. As its scale was expanded, financial resources and management institutions have been spread out in complicate. Inefficiency issue is brought eventually. We suggest evaluating the role and challenges of ‘Credit Guarantee Fund for Farmers and Fishermen’. Its purpose is to assist in the balanced development of agricultural and fishery economies by guaranteeing the loans for agricultural, forestry and fishery workers who need the business fund from financial institutions but do not have ability to provide collaterals. In the case of Japan, it has the unique system that headed a task force incorporated into the financial system. The system includes the general public, small and medium enterprises, agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Their interest rate is legally fixed and the market interest rate is subsidized by government. Financial supply to agriculture in USA, in principle, leaves the financial market. For new farmers and vulnerable groups, they are specially supported by the FSA. The system establishes a clear role of each institute and is operating consumer-oriented funding programs. In chapter 5, the agricultural financing systems in France and Germany are reviewed. Both countries experience the recent decline of agricultural governmental financing. In France, only agricultural successor support program (DJA) remains. The role of Rentenbank is reviewed as a main part of policy in Germany where many parts of governmental agricultural financing are transferred to local government. In Australia and New Zealand, the government focuses on risk management and the supporting program for low income farm households, abolishing the agricultural subsidy and emphasizing the role of private sector. Exploring the agricultural financial system related to government in developed countries, several implications are presented. First, the system needs to be clarified for higher efficiency. Second, the policies related to agricultural finance should provide considering heterogeneous beneficiaries. The specific challenges have been proposed to improve the Korean system in the final chapter.

Researchers: Joon-kee Park, Seong-jae Park, Mee-bok Kim Research period: 2011. 9. - 12. E-mail address: jkpark@krei.re.kr