통계로 본 세계 속의 한국농업

Abstract

자유무역 확대로 농산물 시장 개방이 가속화됨에 따라 교역 상대국의 농업·농촌에 대한 통계정보에 대한 수요가 급격히 증대되고 있으며, 세계의 농업은 더욱 밀접하게 연관되어 가고 있다.

본 연구는 해외 농업·농촌과 관련된 통계를 종합적·체계적으로 정리하기 위해 한국농촌경제연구원에서 2010년까지 발간된「통계로 본 한국농업의 국제비교 연구」보고서와 2010년도에 농식품부에서 발간한 「통계로 알아보는 세계 농업 현황」자료집을 통합하여, 지난해 처음 발간된 「통계로 본 세계 속의 한국농업」의 두 번째 보고서이다. 생산 관련 통계 위주의 기존 국제농업통계 자료집에서 벗어나 농업관련 통계지표를 크게 총량지표, 농업생산지표, 생산요소지표, 수출입지표, 소비지표로 구분하였으며, 카테고리를 세계편·국가편·품목편으로 나누어 지표들을 체계화하였다.

정보 이용자들의 이용도를 높이기 위해 자료 수집과정에서 파악한 해외농업 통계자료 출처를 정리하여 사용자로 하여금 쉽게 자료를 찾아볼 수 있도록 하였다. 또한, 주요 지표에 대하여 최근 3~5개년 데이터를 중심으로 비교․분석함으로써 농업 동향의 변화와 세계 속 한국농업의 위상을 쉽게 파악할 수 있도록 하였다.

The purpose of this study is to expand and systemize statistical indexes to find the status of Korean agriculture in the world stage. In order to systemize international agricultural statistics, we classified them into 5 categories, which are aggregate index, production factor index, production index, trade index, and consumption index. According to this study, Korea's position in world agriculture is as follows. The agricultural GDP of Korea in 2010 was 23.4 billion U.S. dollars, an increase from the previous year. The share of agriculture in total GDP declined by 2.6% in 2010. In the case of agricultural subsidies, the share decreased to 5.5% in 2011 from 5.6% in 2010, which is lower than those of the United States (7.3%) and Japan (14.2%). The world's farm population was 26.2 hundred million in 2010, and Korea's farm population was 306 million. In the meantime, the world's cultivated area in 2009 was 1,533 million ha, and Korea's cultivated land dropped by 1.7 million ha, or 17.4% of total land. The cultivated land per farmer is 0.8 ha, which is slightly higher than the world average of 0.6 ha. The total cultivated land for organic farming was 15,518 ha in 2010, or 0.84% of total cultivated land. In terms of supply by product, world rice production in 2010 was 700 million tons, and 58.5% of the total supply amount was produced in China, India and Indonesia. In the case of pepper, the supply amount in 2010 fell to 29.4 million tons, a 3.2% decrease from the previous year. Garlic, however, saw an increase of 2.4% to 22.6 million tons. As for apples, production decreased by 1.8% to 69.5 million tons. In the case of livestock products, pork production increased 2.4% to 109.2 million tons. The world export amount of agricultural and livestock products in 2010 was 1,078 billion dollars. It increased by 13.5% from the previous year. The United States (11.0%) was the largest exporter of agricultural and livestock products, followed by the Netherlands (7.2%), Germany (6.2%) and Brazil (5.8%). Korea's agricultural exports increased 23.4% to 3.9 billion dollars. The world's agricultural and livestock imports posted 1,104 billion dollars, an increase of 11.8% from the previous year. The U.S.' share of world agricultural imports is 8.1%, which is larger than China (7.4%), Germany (7.0%) and Japan (4.9%). Korea's agricultural imports increased to 18.8 billion dollars, a 24.7% increase from the previous year. In terms of quantity of food supply among consumer-related indexes, the two largest suppliers of rice in 2009 were China (29.4%) and India (23.2%). Their supply amount of 531.6 million tons of rice accounted for more than a half of world production. Meanwhile, Korea supplied 5.84 million tons (1.1%) of rice, and Japan accounted for 1.9% (10.2million tons) of world supply. The world supplied 63.1 million tons of apples. China, the largest supplier of apples, supplied 22.2 million tons (35.1%). In the case of pork, 105.5 million tons were supplied globally, and China took up the largest share (50.2 million tons, 47.6%). Pork production in Korea was 1.4 million tons, or 1.3% of world supply. In country section we cover agricultural and primary macroeconomic indexes of Korea, United States, Canada, and Brazil. Agricultural budget of Korea (2011) has increased by 2.2% compared with the previous year. The budget also had been increased in United States and China. Meanwhile, Australia and Japan's budget was reduced. Products section shows production, planted areas, import and export conditions of 10 products which have chosen by main trade products in Korea.

Researchers: Do Hwan Jang, Sang Hyen Chai, Eun Ji Park, Wei kai kai

Research period: 2012. 9. - 2012. 12. E-mail address: zzangdh@krei.re.kr, csh0331@krei.re.kr