통계로 본 세계 속의 한국농업

Abstract

본 연구는 해외 농업․농촌과 관련된 통계를 종합적으로 정리하여 연구자가 알고자하는 지표를 한 눈에 알아볼 수 있도록 체계화 한 보고서이다. 농업관련 통계지표를 총량지표, 농업생산지표, 생산요소지표, 수출입지표, 소비지표로 구분하고 세계편․국가편․품목편으로 카테고리를 나누어 세계농업 속 한국농업의 위상을 파악할 수 있도록 하였다. 세계편과 국가편은 한국 농업과 지리적, 경제적으로 밀접한 9개 국가를 선정하였으며, 품목편은 한국의 주요 수출입 품목을 기준으로 선정한 10개 품목의 생산, 수출입 현황 등으로 구성하였다.

이 보고서는 세계 농업 통계 자료를 수집하고 주요 지표에 대한 최근 5개년 데이터를 비교․분석하여 해외농업 흐름을 집약한 것으로써 독자에게 효율적으로 농업 동향의 변화를 전달하고자 발간하였다.

The purpose of this study is to expand and systemize statistical indexes to find the status of Korean agriculture in the world stage. In order to systemize international agricultural statistics, we classified them into 5 categories, which are aggregate index, production factor index, production index, trade index, and consumption index. According to this study, Korea's position in world agriculture is as follows.

The agricultural GDP of Korea in 2011 was 27.2 billion U.S. dollars, an increase from the previous year. The share of agriculture in total GDP increased by 2.7% in 2011. In the case of agricultural subsidies, the share decreased to 5.6% in 2012 from 5.7% in 2011, which is lower than those of the United States(6.8%) and Japan(13.1%).

The world's farm population was 26.2 hundred million in 2012, and Korea's farm population was 291 million. In the meantime, the world's cultivated area in 2011 was 1,553 million ha, and Korea's cultivated land dropped by 1.7 million ha, or 17.0% of total land. The cultivated land per farmer is 0.6 ha, which is similar to the world average of 0.6 ha. The total cultivated land for organic farming was 19,312 ha in 2011, or 1.04% of total cultivated land.

In terms of supply by product, world rice production in 2012 was 720 million tons, and 50% of the total supply amount was produced in China, India. In Korea, 6.4 million tons of rice were produced in 2012. In the case of pepper, the supply amount in 2011 fell to 29.6 million tons(0.9% of world production, 13rd rank in Korea), a 1.4% increase from the previous year. Garlic saw an increase of 5.2% to 23.8million tons(1.2% of world production, 4rd rank in Korea). As for apples, production increased by 7.9% to 75.5 million tons(0.5% of world production in Korea). As for pears, 24 million tons were produced, which is 5.5% larger than previous year(1.2% of world production, 11th rank in Korea). In the case of livestock products, beef production stood at 62.8 million tons in 2011 and pork production increased 2.7% to 110.3 million tons.

The world export amount of agricultural and livestock products in 2011 was 1,314 billion dollars. It increased by 21.7% from the previous year. The United States(10.6%) was the largest exporter of agricultural and livestock products, followed by the Netherlands(6.8%), Germany(6.1%) and Brazil(6.1%). Korea's agricultural exports increased 11.7% to 4.3 billion dollars. The world's agricultural and livestock imports posted 1,351 billion dollars, an increase of 22.4% from the previous year.

The China' share of world agricultural imports is 9.5%, which is larger than U.S.(7.9%), Germany(7.0%) and Japan(5.1%). Korea's agricultural imports increased to 23.1 billion dollars, a 23.1% increase from the previous year.

In terms of quantity of food supply among consumer-related indexes, the two largest suppliers of rice in 2009 were China(29.4%) and India(23.2%). Their supply amount of 531.6 million tons of rice accounted for more than a half of world production. Meanwhile, Korea supplied 5.84 million tons(1.1%) of rice, and Japan accounted for 1.9%(10.2million tons) of world supply. The world supplied 63.1 million tons of apples. China, the largest supplier of apples, supplied 22.2 million tons(35.1%). In the case of pork, 105.5 million tons were supplied globally, and China took up the largest share(50.2 million tons, 47.6%). Pork production in Korea was 1.4 million tons, or 1.3% of world supply.

In country section we cover agricultural and primary macroeconomic indexes of Korea, United States, Canada, and Brazil. Agricultural budget of Korea(2012) has increased by 2.7% compared with the previous year. The budget also had been increased in United States and Australia. Products section shows production, planted areas, import and export conditions of 10 products which have chosen by main trade products in Korea.

Researchers: Min Hui Shim, Sang Hyen Chai, Do Hwan Jang

Research period: 2013. 9. - 2013. 12. E-mail address: min2727@krei.re.kr, csh0331@krei.re.kr, zzangdh@krei.re.kr