축산업의 외부효과와 정책방안

Abstract

가축사육으로 인한 악취와 수질오염, 대규모 질병발생으로 인한 지역경제의 피해 등 축산업으로 인한 부정적인 외부효과로 축산업은 지역사회에서 큰 갈등의 요인이 되고 있다. 이러한 축산업의 부정적인 영향에도 불구하고, 축산업은 국민에게 안전한 축산물의 안정적인 공급, 농지 및 농촌경관 보전, 농촌경제 활성화 등의 다원적 기능을 하고 있다.

최근 안전한 식품과 쾌적한 환경 등 삶의 질 향상에 대한 국민의 관심이 높아지면서 축산업이 가지는 긍정적인 외부효과와 함께 부정적인 외부효과에도 많은 관심이 모아지고 있다. 특히 축산업의 다원적 기능을 활용한 체험목장의 활성화는 농업의 6차산업화에서 중요한 역할을 기대할 수 있다. 이에 반해 축사 주변의 주민들은 악취 등 생활환경 악화로 많은 민원을 제기하고 있으며, 일부에서는 축산업의 규모를 줄여야 한다는 주장까지 등장하고 있어 축산업의 입장에서는 매우 어려운 상황이라 할 수 있다.

이 연구는 축산업이 그 동안의 양적성장에서 질적 성장으로 전환하기 위해 축산업의 긍정적인 외부경제는 극대화하고, 부정적인 외부불경제는 최소화하거나 내부화하는 등의 축산업 외부효과 해결을 위한 정책방안을 도출할 목적으로 수행되었다.

Background of Research Foul smells and water pollution due to livestock excretions deteriorate the quality of life and bring down land prices in surrounding area. The outbreak of livestock diseases seriously damages the regional economy. In spite of these negative influences, the livestock industry has multi-functionality such as a safe and stable supply of livestock products, preservation of farmland and landscapes, and the activation of the rural economy. Therefore this research classifies the externalities of the livestock industry as positive and negative effects, measures their economic value, and suggests policy measures to solve them.

Method of Research The externalities of the livestock industry were classified and a theoretical solution was sought through the review of preceding researches. Implications were derived based on the survey for excellent domestic and overseas cases through literatures, site visits and the internet. In order to measure the economic value of the externality of the livestock industry, CVM was conducted through consulting and participation of experts. The degree of importance and results of policies related to the externality are evaluated to find implications by livestock experts.

Research Results and Implications The result of the survey revealed that 65.4% of the population think that a positive function of the livestock industry is more important than its negative function. They are willing to pay 7,495 ~ 10,314 won every year per household to expand positive externalities of the livestock industry and to reduce negative externalities. The value of the externalities of the livestock industry is estimated at approximately 134.5 ~ 185.1 billion won for the next 5 years. The top priority task for the sustainable environment-friendly livestock industry is to solve the externality of the livestock industry. The beneficiary pays principle and polluter pays principle should be applied to solve the externality of the industry. Specific methods are as follows. First of all, in order to maximize the external economy of the livestock industry, the government has to take the initiative in reinforcing food security and in preserving the environment and rural landscapes. Second, the future direction of livestock industry policy needs to be changed from quantitative growth focused on productivity to qualitative growth that considers safety and the environment. To reduce the external diseconomy of the livestock industry, it is necessary to make livestock raisers pay environmental cost by intensifying education. The Livestock Excretion Pollution Management Center and Livestock Excretion Management Committees need to be established to solve the problem of environmental pollution and to reinforce monitoring the treatment of livestock excretions. An obligation to keep the records for livestock excretion management and disposal needs to be imposed on livestock farms. Additionally, development and distribution of the technologies for livestock excretion management and disposal, a balance between regulation and support for the livestock industry, intensification of the efficiency of support programs, and consumers' monitoring are required.

Researchers: In Bae Ji, Woo Jin Song, Jin Nyoun Kim, Yong Geon Lee Research Period: 2013. 1～2013. 12 E-mail address: jiinbae@krei.re.kr