개도국 농촌개발을 위한 협력모델과 전략수립 방안

Abstract

농업 및 농촌개발은 모든 저개발국, 개발도상국의 성장과 발전을 위해 가장 기본이 된다. 이는 농업이 가장 많은 사람들의 직업이고 농촌이 가장 많은 사람들이 살고 있는 곳이기 때문이다. 우리나라도 그동안 ODA 등 해외원조에서 이 분야에 많은 협력사업들을 시행하여 왔고, 앞으로 더욱 늘어날 전망이다. 최근에는 새마을운동의 국제화를 위한 시범사업도 많이 시행되고 있다. 국제사회에서는 농업소득 개발에서 농촌지역 개발로 원조의 대상이 점차 변화하여 왔다. 그러나 농촌개발과 관련한 콘텐츠와 협력전략은 우리나라에서 아직 체계적으로 개발되지 않았다. 새천년개발목표(MDGs)의 목표연도에 거의 다다랐음에도 불구하고 일부를 제외하고는 목표치 달성이 어렵다는 전망이며, 2015년 이후의 국제원조에 대한 논의에서는 농촌개발이 여전히 주요한 과제로 남아있을 것으로 예상된다.

이 연구는 이러한 국내외적 여건을 고려하고 농촌개발에 관한 협력모델과 전략 마련이 시급하다는 요청에 부응하여 수행되었다. 광범위한 문헌조사와 각종 보고서의 검토를 통해 모델수립을 위한 사업의 표준목록과 사례국가별 농촌개발 협력전략을 제시하였다.

Background of Research Korea has dramatically increased its ODA share for rural development projects such as Integrated Rural Development or rural Saemaul Undong. Following the transformation, there arises the need to establish cooperation models and strategies for effective and efficient implementation of the ODA projects and programmes. This study has the purpose to review diverse approaches and cases related with rural development, and to suggest policy tasks to build effective cooperative models and strategies for focus countries.

Method of Research The study utilizes statistics and databases including the Korea EXIM Bank’s KIDS, the database system about Korean ODA, and the OECD StatExtracts, databases available from OECD website. Many project reports and research papers from the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) are also reviewed. The part about Korean Saemaul Undong was based on the report submitted from the researcher group of Yeungnam University.

Research Results and Implications International discussions about agriculture and rural development sectors have been shifted from income boosting assistance to regional development and reduction of rural-urban disparity. This study reviews current poverty situations of twenty countries. These countries are part of focus countries of Korean ODA, and agriculture and/or rural sectors are designated as special concerned areas for cooperation. Korean ODA in the rural development sector has concentrated on Southeast Asian countries and Sub-Saharan African regions. The ODA amount for the sector exploded for the period between 2006 and 2011 more than 10 times. Rural development projects have chosen mostly the income generating and education/training activities as their sub-component projects. Various public agencies are currently implementing Saemaul Undong ODA projects which may require coordination and collaboration among them. To identify its unique elements different from other development approaches is urgently needed. For now, more efforts should be put into how to develop many demonstration projects hitherto implemented in developing countries to become national-level development strategies for their rural development. This study presents a 'Standard List' in which sub-components or activities are shown as references, which are extracted from the existent rural development projects including Saemaul Undong. General conditions and special conditions for application of the rural development model are also presented. General conditions are ownership of the recipient countries, and inclusive partnership, whereas special conditions are: focus on capacity building, coordinated development of various sectors, and appropriate regional boundary for the project. For the strategy, we select categories for analyzing the situations of target countries, and the categories are: general socio-economic conditions, performance of MDGs, and current level of development of agriculture and rural sectors. Macro-level strategies, both national and sectoral, are reviewed as well as the Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) of Korea. For illustration, rural development strategies are presented for Vietnam, Ethiopia and Colombia.

Researchers: Heo, Jang; Jeong, Seung Eun Research Period: 2013. 1 ~ 2013. 12 E-mail address: heojang@krei.re.kr