축산부산물 유통구조 개선 방안

Abstract

축산부산물은 가축이 도축되어 주산물인 정육이 생산되는 과정에서 부수적으로 발생하는 모든 것을 포함한다. 이러한 부산물은 생산농가에게는 소득원의 일부분으로, 소비자에게는 먹거리로써 의미가 있다. 축산부산물의 많은 부분이 식용으로 이용되기 때문이다. 전통적으로 축산부산물을 이용한 먹거리는 소비자의 사랑을 받아왔다. 그러나 이에 상응하는 축산부산물에 대한 관심은 부족하였던 것 같다. 정부의 축산부산물 시장 감시 노력이 부족하였고, 이에 대한 연구도 부족하였다. 이로 인하여 축산부산물 유통구조는 불투명하고 소비자는 부산물의 유통과정에 의구심을 가지고 있는 상황이다. 이 연구는 축산부산물의 유통구조를 밝히고 개선 방안을 제안하기 위하여 수행되었다.

The market for animal by-products has been changing. First, household consumption of the by-products is decreasing. Second, the food service and processed food industries using them are growing. Third, imports of the by-products are on the rise. In these changes, consumers are expressing concerns over the by-products' sanitary safety. In the case of by-products, food safety and the level of income are important to consumers and farms, respectively. If the by-products market worsens, food safety for consumers is threatened, and farms experience a reduction in income. For this reason, domestic by-products should adapt to the changing market in order to compete with imported products. In order to adjust to the market changes, it is needed to establish a mass marketing system in response to bulk purchases, and to mitigate consumers' negative perception of by-products. Also, price competitiveness should be secured through cost reduction to be more competitive than imported products. The problems of the market for animal by-products can be summarized as follows: a supply-demand imbalance; wholesalers' small scale and underinvestment; lack of sanitation-related regulations; inadequate quality standards; and the opaque market. The supply and demand imbalance of by-products is classified into a seasonal supply-demand imbalance and a supply-demand imbalance by part. Slaughterhouses try to make long-term contracts with wholesalers in order to avoid these types of imbalance and pass these risks on to wholesalers. The danger of the supply-demand imbalance prevents wholesalers' scaling up. Investment is essential to create the mass marketing system of by-products and decrease consumers' distrust. However, investments are insufficient because of the risk due to the supply-demand imbalance of the by-products market and wholesalers' small scale. In accordance with the Livestock Products Sanitary Control Act, animal by-products are included in meat and thus managed. As there has been criticism that sanitary control regulations for them are inadequate, a manual for meat by-products sanitary control in slaughterhouses was published. Nonetheless, this is not sanitary management by legislations. Moreover, HACCP standards, the framework of food sanitary control, are not applied to the by-product either. Although by-products of various qualities are distributed, there are no quality standards and labeling regulations, which leads to the lack of information on their quality. For example, beef by-products sold in slaughterhouses are traded at different prices according to the type of living matter but are distributed without labeling the differences in quality. The market for animal by-products lacks a system for collecting and releasing reliable market prices. The by-products price surveys, which are partially conducted, are irregular or limited to specific parts, which limits the utilization of information. Also, the surveys are insufficient in representing the present status of the whole market for by-products. We proposed the following plans to improve the marketing structure of animal by-products: inducing investment in by-products processing facilities; setting up sanitary control standards; and securing the transparency of the by-products market. Investment in by-products processing facilities is needed at the level of the first by-products wholesalers. In this case, it is necessary to invest in slaughterhouses' external facilities. Under the current law, there is inefficiency of cleaning by-products twice, but investment in the external facilities could be efficient in other aspects. That is, processing facilities can be scaled up by linking several slaughterhouses. In addition, slaughterhouses can continue to utilize the present long-term contracts. The establishment of sanitary control standards for by-products can be divided into 1) giving legal status to the manual for meat by-products sanitary control in slaughterhouses and 2) setting up HACCP standards for the by-products marketing industry. To enhance the transparency of the animal by-products market, the market's closed feature can be mitigated by establishing by-products quality standards and surveying and releasing by-products prices. By-products are distributed without labelling the differences in their quality . The establishment of quality standards will increase information on quality, decrease search costs in transactions, and promote trade. Also, the measure to survey and release prices is the easiest way to facilitate market competition. It is necessary to seek a method to systemize by-products price surveys that are conducted individually and irregularly. Researchers: Song Woojin, Lee Hyungwoo, Seo GangchulResearch period: 2015. 1. ~ 2015. 10.E-mail address: gnos@krei.re.kr