2016년 농업·환경분야 OECD 연구동향 분석 및 대응방안 수립

Abstract

지속가능한 개발과 녹색 성장, 기후변화, 식량 안보는 최근 국내외에서 끊임없이 제기되는 화두이다. 대부분의 인간 활동은 열역학 제2법칙에 따라서 엔트로피 증가로 귀결되며, 이러한 산업 활동이 환경의 자정 작용을 넘어설 때 환경오염과 생태계 파괴를 유발한다. 농업은 여타 산업과 같이 환경 오염원으로 작용하기도 하지만, 자원 순환 및 생물다양성 유지 등 환경에 긍정적 외부효과를 지니는 특성을 가진다. 이런 점에서 농업 부문에 대한 정책 접근은 하나의 산업으로 국한해서 접근하는 것을 넘어서, ‘농업’과 ‘환경’의 상호 관계를 연구하고 사회적 편익을 극대화하는 제도를 마련하는 것을 목표로 해야 한다. OECD 농업환경공동작업반(Joint Working Party on Agriculture and the Environment)은 농업과 환경 문제에 대한 국제적인 최신 이슈를 공유하고, 회원국이 중요하다고 선정한 농업·환경 문제를 함께 고민하며, 각국 전문가의 의견을 함께 나눌 수 있는 기회와 장을 제공하는 곳이다. 이 보고서에서는 2016년에 개최된 OECD 농업환경공동작업반 회의 의제를 분석하여 최신 농업·환경 연구 동향을 파악하고, 이에 대한 한국 농정의 대응 방향에 대해서 정리하였다.

The purpose of this study was to review the document discussed in the 41st and 42nd OECD Joint Working Party on Agriculture and the Environment (JWPAE) meetings and provide the Korean position and additional comments about each document of the meetings. Also, the researchers attended the OECD JWPAE meetings in Paris in order to provide professional opinions and available data information, and we reviewed how to apply the meeting results to the Korean agricultural sector policies. In addition, we analyzed the UN Sustainale Development Goals (SDG) and differences between before and after New Climate Regime to suggest the direction of future agricultural policies. In the 41st JWPAE meeting, green growth (energy use and efficiency in agro-food chain), agriculture water hotspots, climate change and agriculture (synergies and trade-offs between agricultural productivity and policies coping with climate change), barriers to the climate-friendly agricultural policies, evaluation of environmental impact of agricultural policies, biodiversity (land use and ecosystem services in agriculture), unintentional results of nitrogen cascade in conservation, effects of climate change on international trade were discussed. In the 42nd JWPAE meeting, the same agenda including green growth, agricultural water hotspots, evaluation of environmental impact of agricultural policies, climate change and agriculture, biodiversity, in addition to collection and dissemination of agri-environmental indicators were discussed. In this study, we summarized about the SDG and New Climate Regime in this report and how to match the future direction of Korean agriculture policies in accordance with the SDG and climate-smart agriculture (CSA) system as an alternative for the New Climate Regime. We would like to take opportunities to prepare JWPAE meetings in advance, strengthen the network among OECD member countries, and to introduce and apply the advanced foreign case studies and theoretical frameworks to the Korean agricultural sector and environmental issues. Moreover, the final report of this study can be used disseminate the recent trends of OECD JWPAE discussions and share information about them. We also expect that this kind of information sharing would help to collect Korean experts’ opinions about the next JWPAE agenda and to make Korean delegation's comments and opinions more elaborate and logical.Researchers: Lim Youngah, Kim Booyoung, Lee Hyejin, Kim Chang-GilResearch period: 2016. 4. ∼ 2016. 11.E-mail address: limy@krei.re.kr, bkim73@krei.re.kr, hyejinlee@krei.re.kr, changgil@krei.re.kr