폴라니의 관점에서 본 마을 공동체의 경제구조 분석

Abstract

본 연구는 폴라니의 관점을 토대로 경제와 사회와의 관련성을 재검토하려고 한다. 폴라니가 전시장사회의 경제를 근간으로 신고전파 경제학에 대한 비판의 근거를 마련하였듯이, 마을의 경제구조를 탐색하여 폴라니적 경제인식의 지평을 확장시키려는 것이다. 따라서 이 작업은 불과 최근까지도 인간의 경제를 유인한 사회적 관계와 사회구조의 실체를 명확히 보여줄 것이다.

This study investigates the determinants of a community-based economy. Especially, it examines the nine different villages which are farming, fishing, mountainous villages at South Chungcheong Province. In this research, I used an interview with the villagers, participant observation of village-meeting and annual festival and literature survey on letters and a diary. Further I applied the approach of Karl Polanyi, who emphasized that livelihood of Man is not structuralized based on rational man and market mechanism, but on social structure that also plays a pivotal role which is known as subjectivism. The findings of this study showed that the community-based economy depends on natural resources, cultural elements as totem, religious factors, sacrificial rites, norm, and social factors like Pumasi, Dure and Goji. These elements impact broadly on livelihood of Man in a sense of household, reciprocity and redistribution. But we have to investigate village economy with the leisure of them. And I hope this article will contribute greatly to economy research on villages.