농림업 분야 중점 협력국별 국제개발협력 전략 수립(2차년도): 세네갈

Abstract

2019년은 우리나라가 OECD 개발원조위원회의 회원국이 된 지 10주년이 되는 해이다. 원조를 받던 나라에서 선진 공여국으로 거듭나는 과정에 있어서 공적개발원조(ODA)라는 수단을 통해 우리가 가진 개발의 경험과 교훈을 되돌아보고, 발전 과정에 있는 개발도상국들과 나누는 기회를 가질 수 있었다.

우리 연구원에서는 2018년부터 농림업 분야에 대한 중점지원 국가를 선정하고, 해마다 3~5개 국가를 선정하여 지원 전략을 수립하는 연구를 진행하고 있다. 1차년도인 2018년에 주요 전략 국가 16개국을 선정하였으며, 2019년도에는 가나, 세네갈, 인도, 네팔, 볼리비아를 대상으로 연구를 수행했다.

본 연구는 1962년 우리나라와 국교 수립 이후 우리나라 농림축산식품부, 외교부, 기획재정부, 농촌진흥청 등의 국내 유관부처 및 기관뿐만 아니라 국제사회에서 세네갈의 농업과 농촌개발을 위해 지원하고 있는 다양한 성과에 대해 조사하고 향후 협력 방안을 제시하고 있다.

Research Background ○The year 2019 is meaningful for Korea as it has been ten years since Korea joined the OECD Development Assistance Committee(DAC). The experiences of agricultural and rural development in Korea become good examples for both developed and developing countries in the field of ODA. Senegal Emergent Plan(PSE) aims to achieve the status of emerging economies by 2035. Although urbanization is underway, agriculture plays an important role in the national economic and social development in Senegal, where more than half (56%) of the population still live in rural areas. As Senegal, bordered by countries such as Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Mauritania, and Mali, serves as the chair of the West African Economic Community (ECOWAS), the country is trying to be the key country in the region in terms of politics and economy.

○The economy of Africa, which has shown its outstanding growth since 2000, has grown by 4.6% every year from 2000 to 2016 but still suffers from a shortage of jobs and deepening inequality. OECD emphasizes adapting to economic changes such as technology development, global value chains, new trade and investment, and integrating into better ways in regional and global markets. In particular, the African Continent Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), launched in May 2019, is expected to be a vital inflection point for the regional trade liberalization.

○In this way, we will explore the direction of ODA's strategic support for Senegal, which is actively making efforts to become a center of the economy in West Africa based on political stability in the rapidly changing international situation. This study aims to establish strategies for resolving the issues of the agricultural sector in Senegal, contributing to inclusive national development, and effectively executing the budget of ODA, which Korea supports as a member of the global community.

○This study aims to analyze the current status and challenges of ODA in the agricultural sector in Senegal, which is one of the key partner countries selected in the first-year research and to derive support strategies for the areas where Korea has a comparative advantage. It is the most necessary to diagnose the current situation and problems in resolving the lack of a support strategy appropriate for each country and sector, which is repeatedly pointed out in the process of implementing public development assistance in Korea.

○The purpose of this study is as follows:First, it analyzes the current status and problems of each sector in the value chain of Senegal. Second, it analyzes the current status of ODA sources in Senegal and the support status of the international community. Third, it establishes the sectors with comparative advantages in Korea and establishes long-term cooperation strategies.

Research Methodology ○We used the statistics data provided by the World Bank, OECD, and World Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) to diagnose the overall situation and problems of the agricultural sector in Senegal. Also, through the local joint research and commissioned research, the current state of agriculture and stakeholders in ODA were analyzed.

○This research has a diversity of literature reviews on Senegal's national development strategy, agricultural sector development strategy, international community support strategy and major projects, and Korea's key cooperation strategies and business cases.

Findings ○Korea is the third-largest donor in Senegal. Senegal is one of Korea's key partner countries, where the Korean ODA supports most of the total budget (99.8%) for the four sectors of regional development and fisheries, education, water management and health hygiene, and transportation following the Country Partnership Strategy(CPS). The agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector accounts for about 12% of the total. Also, a number of ODA projects including the Project on Enhancing Senegal Agricultural Productivity, Senegal Sustainable Rice Value Chain, Senegal Agricultural Technology School Capacity Building Project by Korea International Cooperation Agency, and the "Rural Development Model Village Project" Rural Development Administration's KOPIA Center, are being implemented. Most of these projects are concentrated in the northern part of Senegal and mainly focus on production infrastructure, such as building irrigation and arranging farmland. However, it is changing to software-oriented projects such as R & D projects for developing high-quality varieties of peanuts, onions, and rice by KOPIA centers, and education and training through the establishment of agricultural technical schools by the Korea International Cooperation Agency.

○In this study, it was found that sustaining agricultural ODA in the northern region, Senegal would be meaningful in terms of development effectiveness. In the case of France, ODA and private enterprises support the value chain of rice—from rice seed dissemination to production infrastructure support, rice processing facilities (RPC) support, and provision in northern Saint-Louis. For Korean ODA, the sustainability and impact of the project will be improved if support is added to farmland management and irrigation canal projects carried out in the Pdodor region. Also, private companies in Korea can enter and promote public-private partnership projects in the form of CSV.

○Korea's goal of supporting ODA in Senegal was set to 'Inclusive Rural Development through the Expansion of Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains.‘ To this end, three basic directions were established: first, securing food security, second, diversifying farm income sources, and third, expanding private sector investment.First, the introduction of multi-yielding varieties is suggested for securing food security. Field surveys indicate that demand is rising in Senegal for rice, onions, and peanuts. Also, the productivity of crops traditionally grown is inferior, indicating low productivity per unit area. Besides, there is a vicious cycle of poor self-cultivation because of poor access to seeds in farm units, resulting in a poor quality of agricultural products. Therefore, it is crucial establish a system that can distribute high-quality varieties to small farmers. To this end, institutional and administrative review and complementation are necessary. Improving farmland management and irrigation infrastructure was suggested as a task that should continue in terms of productivity.Second, the diversification of farm income sources should be set as the primary direction. In order to adapt to climate change and to be resilient to disasters and disasters such as droughts and floods, strategies are essential to reduce risks by growing various crops. In this study, rice was selected as the main crop, but it is necessary to introduce various crops such as onions and peanuts to farmers and to cultivate farming methods. In connection with the construction of the Agricultural Technology School, it is possible to continuously supply crops, varieties, and technical training for the region, and to increase the value-added by supporting storage and processing infrastructure and processing technology, thereby contributing to the increase of farm income.Finally, investment in the private sector needs to be expanded. Relevant laws, systems, and policies need to be improved to promote investment of private companies, and the capacity of public officials and agencies is needed. Senegal's governance system between related domestic and foreign agricultural organizations should be established to form a structure that can operate sustainably. In the short term, it is necessary to reinforce the quality control of agricultural products as a way to contribute to economic growth by expanding agricultural exports to the West African region and to Europe in the medium to long term. Post-harvest management skills and quarantine capacity building should be pursued. In this process, private companies should participate, and the value chain will be extended to sales and marketing. Also, plans to support the domestic agri-food companies for export markets should be specified by supporting the private sector in the form of public-private partnerships.

Researchers: Lee Hyojung, Choi Jungman Research period: 2019. 1. ~ 2019. 12. E-mail address: hyojungee@krei.re.kr