농가 자산 활용 실태와 과제

Abstract

농가의 영농활동은 안정적 경영을 통한 소득향상을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 농가는 농지·시설·가축·농기계 등 영농자산을 활용하며 필요한 경우 투자를 시행한다. 그러나 농가의 자산 활용 결과로 나타나는 농업소득이 대내외 여건 변화와 농가의 경영 능력에 따라 차이가 나는 것은 불가피하다. 지난 기간 우리 농업은 경제발전 과정에서 산업구조 재편과 농산물 시장 개방 확대를 경험하였다. 이 과정에서 농업 부문의 교역조건 악화와 수익성 저하로 농업인력의 고령화가 가속화되는 한편, 쌀 위주 생산에서 과일, 채소, 축산물 등 경제성 높은 다양한 농산물로의 전환도 이루어졌다. 이 과정에서 농가는 새로운 수익성 창출을 목적으로 자산을 활용하고 투자를 시행하였다. 이 연구는 농가의 자산 활용 실태를 파악하기 위한 목적으로 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 농가의 자산 대비 수익성, 안정성, 성장성 등 재무성과 지표를 이용하여 농가를 유형화하고 농가의 특성을 분석하였다. 지난 10년간의 농가 자산 활용 실태 분석 결과를 토대로 농가경제의 건전성 제고를 위한 시사점과 과제를 도출하였다.

This study analyzed the farming activities of farmers based on their asset utilization performance from 2008 to 2018. We used three criteria to analyze farm households: profitability, stability, and the growth rate of farm assets. They were categorized into highly profitable or slightly profitable farm households according to whether the ratio of agricultural income to assets (profitability) exceeded 4.5%. Also, farm households were divided into slightly stable or highly stable farms by 55.0% or more. In addition, farm households were divided into fast-growing or slow-growing farm households depending on whether the growth rate exceeded 8.0%. Thus, farm households were classified into eight categories according to the three criteria above mentioned.According to the analysis results, the proportion of highly profitable farm households decreased between 2008 and 2018, the proportion of highly stable farm households did not show much change, and the proportion of fast-growing farm households increased. However, concerning the case of growth, the value of the assets increased through the increase of nominal value, not through the expansion of the farming scale of the farm households. This is because the average farmland ownership area and the average land area of fast-growing farm households among slightly profitable farm households, which accounted for a large number of farmers, all decreased.Specifically, slightly stable farm households, evaluated by the ratio of debt to assets, remained low less than at 2.0 percent of the total between 2008 and 2018. This result shows that the farm household debt problem, which had been one of the critical problems in the past, is no longer a central problem for the entire farm household economy, but a problem for few farm households.The proportion of highly profitable farm households decreased from 31.0 percent in 2008 to 25.1 percent in 2018. Meanwhile, fast-growing farm households increased from 33.3 percent in 2009 to 38.3 percent in 2017. On the other hand, the proportion of profitable and fast-growing farms decreased, and the proportion of slightly profitable and ffast-growing farms increased. The growth of farm assets was not achieved through the expansion of farming scale, but by the rise in the nominal value of assets such as farmland and increased cash holdings. (The rest is omitted. See the attached file for details.) Researchers: Lee Douyoung, Park Joonkee, and Ha InhyeResearch period: 2019. 5. ∼ 2019. 12.E-mail address: douyounglee@krei.re.kr