농림업 분야 중점 협력국별 국제개발협력 전략 수립(3차년도): 우간다

Abstract

농업가치사슬은 농촌 지역과 도시, 선진국과 개발도상국에 걸쳐 연결되어 있으며, 2020년의 COVID-19 팬데믹은 글로벌 가치사슬의 붕괴가 초래하는 문제점을 생생하게 보여주고 있다. 특히 몇몇 국가에서는 식량 수출을 제한함으로써 식량의 자급이 부족한 국가는 식량 안보 위기에 직면할 수밖에 없었다. 아프리카 지역은 기후변화, 분쟁 등으로 지속되는 난민 문제, 취약한 가치사슬 구조로 인한 식량안보 문제 등 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)가 추구하는 포용적 발전을 위한 목표 달성이 가장 어려운 지역이다. 또한 농업 분야는 SDG 2에서 목표로 하는 ‘식량안보의 확보와 영양개선, 지속가능한 농업’, SDG 15의 ‘육상생태계의 보호, 복원 및 지속가능한 방식의 이용 증진, 사막화 방지, 토양 유실 및 생물다양성 손실 방지’ 등과 직접 연관이 있다. 본 연구는 우간다의 농업 분야 가치사슬 단계별 문제점을 파악하고, SDGs 달성을 위한 포용적 국가발전에 기여하며, 우리나라 ODA의 예산을 효율적·효과적으로 집행하기 위한 전략을 수립하는 것을 목적으로 한다.

Background and Purpose○ The agricultural value chain is connected across rural areas and cities, developed and developing countries, and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 vividly shows the problems caused by the collapse of the global value chain. Some countries have restricted food exports, so countries that lack food self-sufficiency face a food security crisis. The African region is the most difficult region to achieve the goals for the inclusive development pursued by the SDGs, such as the problem of refugees persisting due to climate change and conflict, and food security problems due to the weak value chain structure. In addition, in the agricultural sector, SDG 2 aims to secure food security and improve nutrition, sustainable agriculture, SDG 15 to protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, prevent desertification, soil loss and biodiversity. It is directly related to “loss prevention.” ○ This study aims to identify the problems of Uganda's agricultural value chain at each stage, contribute to inclusive national development to achieve SDGs, and establish strategies to efficiently and effectively execute Korea's ODA budget. - Diagnose the current state of agriculture and problems in Uganda and review domestic and foreign efforts to solve them. After that, we intend to set the direction of support based on our experience and technical strengths. Diagnosing the current situation and problems is the most necessary in resolving the “lack of support strategies appropriate to the situation by country and field” repeatedly pointed out in the process of implementing ODA in Korea.Research Methodology○ First of all, this study reviews policy suitability through the analysis of Uganda's national development policy, its agricultural sector development strategy, and Korea's development cooperation strategy. Second, it analyzes the current status and strategy of the international community's support for Uganda. Third, it analyzes the current status and problems of Uganda's agricultural value chain at each stage and finds intersections with areas where Korea has a comparative advantage. It aims to establish a sector cooperation strategy.○Basic statistics from the World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), as well as domestic statistics provided by Korea's Office of State Affairs Coordination, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Export-Import Bank were used. Interviews were conducted with 36 experts with experience (10 in Korea and 26 in Uganda), and the importance of each value chain was analyzed through AHP analysis. In addition, together with the GGGI, the current status and problems of the agricultural value chain in Uganda were examined, focusing on specific crops (rice, coffee).(For more information, please refer to the report.)