농림업 부문 녹색경제 활성화방안 연구(2/3차년도)

Abstract

우리나라는 국제적 녹색경제로의 전환 움직임에 따라 최근 110대 국정과제에서 “과학적인 탄소중립 이행 방안 마련으로 녹색경제 전환”을 발표하고, 녹색산업 및 녹색기술 육성 방안을 제시하였다. 우리 농림업은 과다한 투입재 사용과 집약적 축산 등으로 환경 부담이 가중되었다. 또한 도농 소득격차와 부농과 빈농의 소득격차가 크며, 농업노동력의 노령화가 심화되고 있다. 따라서 농림업부문도 녹색경제 활성화가 요구된다. 이 연구는 농림업부문 에너지 분야 녹색기술 이용의 환경적·경제적 지속가능성을 살펴보고, 에너지 분야 녹색기술 이용의 저해 요인을 분석함으로써 녹색기술 활성화를 위한 정책 수단을 도출하고자 추진되었다. 보다 구체적인 연구의 목적은 (1) 화석연료 중심의 에너지 이용 실태 및 문제점을 살펴보고, (2) 에너지와 관련된 주요 녹색기술 도입의 경제·환경적 편익 및 파급효과를 실증적으로 분석하며, (3) 에너지와 관련된 녹색기술 이용의 저해 요인을 분석하고, (4) 국내 농림업부문 녹색기술 이용 활성화 방안을 도출하는 데 있다.

Purpose of Research○With a global movement toward a green economy, the Korean government recently announced “a transition to a green economy through scientific methods for achieving carbon neutrality” as one of 110 national policy tasks, and presented ways to promote the green industry and green technology. The agricultural and forestry sectors also need to boost green technology and industries, including low-carbon agriculture, precision agriculture, and environment- friendly agriculture. ○This study aims to present policy tools for expanding green technology by examining the environmental and economic sustainability of its use in the agricultural and forestry energy sector and by analyzing obstacles to using the technology in the sector. More concrete objectives of the study are to: (1) examine the current status and problems of fossil-fuel based energy use; (2) empirically analyze the economic and environmental benefits and ripple effects of major green technologies related to energy; (3) analyze obstacles to using energy-related green technologies; and (4) derive methods of encouraging the use of the technologies in the domestic agriculture and forestry sectors. Research Method○This study applied cost-benefit analysis to calculate the economic and environmental benefits of the green economy; utilized marginal abatement cost analysis to prioritize green technologies; and used environmental input-output analysis to analyze the economic ripple effects of the green economy. The study established a framework for identifying barriers to and factors in expanding green technology. We surveyed farmers and policymakers on the present state of green technology expansion, related policies, barriers to and factors in expanding green technology, and analyzed the survey results. We visited and investigated related domestic institutions and conducted an on-site case study; and analyzed the current status of energy use in agriculture and forestry and researched methods of improving its efficiency, jointly with an expert at the Korea Energy Economics Institute. Last, we consulted specialists in green energy, green cultivation, and green livestock production to verify the effects of green technologies. (For more information, please refer to the report.)