식량안보체계 구축을 위한 해외농업개발과 자원 확보 방안(1/3차연도) - 해외농업개발 전략의 기본방향 수립에 관한 연구 -

Abstract

1,400만 톤 가량의 식량을 외국에서 수입하는 우리나라는 국제 농산물 가격이 등락을 거듭할 때마다 우리 농업인, 농기업체가 해외로 나아가 식량을 개발하고 국내로 반입하는 방안을 모색하여 왔다. 1960~1970년대는 농업이민이 성공적인 결과를 얻지 못하였지만, 1990년대 이후에는 중국과 연해주를 비롯하여 세계 곳곳의 다양한 분야에 진출하였다. 그러나 농산물 국제거래에서 내외국인 간 차별을 금지하는 국제적 규범이나 수출국의 제한조치 등으로 국내의 부족한 식량자원을 해외에서 확보한다는 당초의 의도는 현실성이 떨어지게 되었다. 아울러 불안정한 국제적 여건변화에 따라 해외농업개발에 대한 정책적 지원의 비중이 달라지기도 했다. 이 연구보고서에서는 해외농업개발이 세계적 식량 안보체계의 구축에 기여하고, 우리 농업이 국제적으로 진출함으로써 새로운 성장 동력원이 될 수 있도록 중장기적?전략적으로 추진되어야 할 것을 제안하고 있다. 해외농업개발은 민간주도로 추진하되 정부가 제도의 정비, 구축을 통하여 이를 적극 지원하는 방식이어야 하며, 이를 위한 세부적인 방안들도 제시하고 있다. 몽골과 캄보디아, 미얀마, 연해주의 일반적 현황과 농업여건에 관한 자료들과 함께, 이들 나라에 농업개발을 위하여 진출할 때 그 방향을 어떻게 수립하여야 할 것인가에 관한 제안도 담고 있다.

This study attempts to provide a future direction and strategies for international agricultural development by grasping the historical progress and constructing a reasonable definition of the international development. In addition, this study provides information on the possibilities of the development in Primorsky of Russia, Mongolia, Myanmar, and Cambodia. The conceptual scope of international agricultural development includes physical and economic access to safe, sufficient, and nutritious food as well as establishment of a food security system. However, a policy that only plans to bring in the agricultural resources that are developed overseas is not recommended. In the early days, international agricultural development failed because there was no appropriate information on the target countries. In the 1990s, however, private and public organizations with various purposes started to actively enter into overseas such as Primorsky of Russia, the American continent, and China. Most of them had engaged in the production of agricultural commodities. The legal foundation of international agricultural development has been "The Overseas Resource Development Act." However, agriculture has been excluded in the financial support of the Act. Moreover, the WTO stipulates that no preferential treatment shall be given to agricultural resources. When it comes to an emergency situation in a foreign country, there is also the high possibility of a trade ban on the commodities produced in the country. Therefore, international agricultural development has to aim at various purposes, such as establishment of globalization, new development motivation, and procurement of overseas agricultural resources. Constructing a private and public cooperation system should be the first priority for the development, and detailed objectives are suggested in the study. Mongolia has a tremendous potential for developing the grain and vegetable industries. However, their infrastructure, such as agricultural storage, water supply, and transportation, is underdeveloped. Similar to Mongolia, Cambodia has no secure infrastructure, but it has a strong labor force and no discrimination to foreign direct investment. However, it is not easy to obtain a sizable land. Myanmar is proud of its diverse climatic and topographic conditions, which would be beneficial to agricultural production. It also shares boundaries with countries with a large population, such as China, India, and Bangladesh, but agricultural infrastructure and quality seeds are lacking. Moreover, the economic sanction by the western world still continues. The merits of Russia's Primorsky are its geographical proximity to Korea and the experience of many Koreans who have invested in the region since the 1990s. Also, it is not difficult to lease a sizable land in the region. However, similar to Mongolia and Cambodia, agricultural facilities in the region have fallen behind, and the agricultural population has been decreasing continuously. Therefore, a type of joint venture should reduce initial investment risks.