농림수산분야 발전경험 및 기술을 활용한 국제협력 모델 개발

Abstract

2010년 우리나라가 선진국들의 모임인 개발원조위원회(DAC)에 가입하게 된 것은 우리나라 역사상 큰 획을 긋는 것이었다. 이로써 헐벗은 가난한 나라에서 불과 40~50년 사이에 국제원조 공여국의 반열에 들어서게 되었다.

경제성장 과정에서 우리의 농업은 그 상대적 비중이 크게 위축되어 왔지만 녹색혁명을 비롯하여 농업의 모든 가치사슬 분야에서 많은 기술을 개발하여 왔다. 이미 세계적으로 널리 알려진 새마을운동을 비롯한 농촌개발 전략과 각종 농업정책 등은 여러 빈곤국, 개발도상국이 배우고 싶어 하는 귀중한 경험과 기술이 되었다. 특히 이러한 과정을 체화한 많은 전문가들이 배출되어 풍부한 인적 자원도 형성되어 있다.

이러한 여건 변화에 따라 농림수산 분야에서 보다 체계적인 협력사업의 발굴과 추진이 필요하다는 인식 아래 정부와 기업, 비정부기구, 국제사회가 주체로 참여하고 우리의 경험과 기술을 원조 프로그램으로 묶는 국제협력 모델을 개발할 필요성이 부각되었다.

This study aims to develop international cooperation models utilizing major development experiences and technologies in Korea which are potentially applicable to developing countries within agricultural sector. International agricultural cooperation will be extended in terms of its budget and target countries from those in the regions of Southeast Asia and Africa to the countries of other regions such as South Asia and Latin America. Most of collaborative projects by those organizations under the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery (MIFAFF) have so far been biased to short-term or one-time invitational training, seminar or workshop. It is suggested that they need to have linkage with longer-term or bigger program-based projects.

Through extensive survey of research papers and reports and based on the results of opinion collection from experts, this study picks out the experiences and technologies which have been created and developed during the past several decades in agricultural sector, and are considered to be potentially applicable to developing and underdeveloped countries. The list of items are then classified into categories of agriculture, rural development and agricultural policy.

These experiences and technologies constitute different "aid programs" and, in this study, we identify seven such programs. They are: ① rice productivity enhancement and system building for its commercialization, ② horticultural productivity enhancement and system building for its commercialization, ③ system building for livestock industry development, ④ agricultural infrastructure development ⑤ agricultural technology R&D and extension, ⑥ comprehensive rural development including Saemaul Undong, and ⑦ consultation for agricultural policy-making and implementation. The programs will have three forms of assistance: ① capacity building like technical training, ② consulting by experts, and ③ physical assistance such as the provision of facility, equipment, or materials. Four subjects may involve in the cooperation process, which are government or public agency, corporation, non-governmental organization, and international organization or other country.

For efficient budget distribution, three groups of countries are identified. The first group, Urgent Agricultural Focus Countries, includes 16 countries, among 26 national focus countries, which need urgent agricultural cooperative activities. The second group is General Agricultural Focus Countries Type One, and it includes the rest 10 countries among the national focus countries. Under the final group, General Agricultural Focus Countries Type Two, are 15 poor countries which need urgent cooperative projects although they are not part of the national focus countries.

Researchers: Jang Heo, Daeseob Lee, Seung-Eun Jeong Research period: June 2011 ~ December 2011 Email address: heojang@krei.re.kr