위해요소 사전관리 시스템 (GAP‧HACCP) 의무화 방안연구

Abstract

GAP는 농산물 적용율이 4%에 불과하지만 친환경농산물 인증제도 개편에 따라 대안으로서 도입 확대 필요성이 높아지고 있어 여건을 분석하고, 정책대안을 제시하는 작업이 중요하다. HACCP은 도축장을 중심으로 의무적으로 도입하고 있으나 집유장과 유가공장 등에 대해서도 의무도입이 필요하다는 의견이 제기되어 의무타당성을 검토할 필요가 있다.

본 연구는 이들 시스템 적용에 따른 위생·안전 수준 개선효과를 분석하고, GAP와 HACCP의 의무 도입 가능성에 대해서 검토하는 한편 제도 활성화를 위한 방안을 제시하기 위해 추진되었다.

This research was performed to form a social consensus for the necessity to activate Harmful Factors Preliminary Management Certification System through the analysis on the results of the introduction of the System and to prepare the plan for the expansion of the Harmful Factors Preliminary Management Certification System through the analysis of the circumstances such as the feasibility of imposing obligation for GAP·HACCP for the kind of business for which consumers have high interest and preliminary management for harmful factors is required.

The result of demand analysis on the GAP certified rice revealed that the marginal cost for the production of the GAP certified rice should be lowered to expand the market for the GAP certified rice and also systematic support to lower the cost of GAP certification or GAP rice production cost are necessary to lower the marginal cost of the production of GAP certified rice. In case HACCP is expanded and introduced to milk collection station, the result of questionnaire survey on the HACCP certified milk collection stations indicated that consumers are willing to make additional payment by approximately 11.17% on an average and the investment cost for actual certification was not more than about 170,000 won per ton of milk collection capacity, which is less than maximum investment amount of 570,000 won, and therefore profit generation at the milk collection station is possible through the introduction of HACCP certification.

In 2011 Government budget for the support of GAP certification related costs was 1.4 billion won and it was not sufficient in view of the size of GAP certification. Accordingly, in order to encourage the expanded participation in the GAP System, the expansion of government's support on the certification related costs to cover soil and liquation costs. In order to activate the participation of farming households to GAP, it is necessary to expand the market for GAP agricultural products in addition to the improvement of the system and the preparation of a plan for supports. Taking large scale distribution companies as centers, GAP agricultural product sales corner should be prepared in the store by supporting sales promotion expanses to enhance the awareness of GAP agricultural products while inducing the large scale distribution companies to handle the GAP agricultural products utilizing GAP certification quality management standard in the long-run. And also it will be necessary to explore new demands such as school meals and military supply.

In order to enhance consumers' preference to GAP agricultural products, it is necessary to reinforce the publicity related to GAP utilizing diversified means such as Internet and agricultural food related events and to prepare the place of opportunity to be able to educate and publicize students, housewives and persons in charge of school meals inviting them in linkage with Farming Village Experience Programs.

For the activation of HACCP, priority should be given to the establishment of infrastructure for it. In this regard, it will be necessary to enhance the efficiency of the works of pertinent institutions by eliminating duplicated works among them and to induce the reduction of the cost of sales stores which introduced HACCP through the preparation and distribution of Standard Manuals by the kind of business. And the operating capability of the sales stores should be enhanced by providing education, information and technology while activating consulting and the provision of information through the cultivation of professional manpower for the stores.

It is also necessary to apply HACCP to all brand management bodies and livestock affiliated companies. It is judged to be possible to apply HACCP to all brand management bodies and livestock affiliated companies together covering from production stage through sales stage as they are independent decision making bodies respectively. The introduction of HACCP needs to be implemented all at the same time starting from the livestock products such as chicken, duck and pork for which the affiliated companies have high market shares.

It is judged that mitigated standards together with policy based supports should be provided to small scale dairy processing factories in order to implement the policy with minimum objections from them even though the HACCP certification needs to be implemented to enhance the sanitation level of dairy products.

In order to ensure consumers' right understanding on HACCP and the improvement of their awareness on HACCP, publicity activities to consumers need to be expanded. In order to achieve this, the HACCP system needs to be improved toward the direction that HACCP marking should also include the HACCP certification for the previous stages even before the processing factory. And the willingness to introduce HACCP by respective stores which comprise food chain should be encouraged by inducing the reasonable and fair distribution of additional payments.

As approximately 96% of dairy products are produced by HACCP certified manufacturers on production quantity basis, the effectiveness of policy to impose obligation for HACCP certification will not be significant compared to budgetary support from the government. Accordingly, it will be desirable to intensify sanitation management system through the imposition of obligation for HACCP certification in the case of big consumption products and products for infants while reinforcing post control or inducing voluntary participation in HACCP certification in the case of other products.

Researchers: Ji-Hyeon Choi, Woo-Jin Song, Yun-Jae Hwang, Dong-So Lee Research period: 2011. 12. - 2012. 6. E-mail address: jihchoi@krei.re.kr