국내 농산물 수요 확대를 위한 김치산업 경쟁력 강화 방안

Abstract

김치는 우리나라를 대표하는 식문화적인 중요성을 지닌 음식이다. 또한 인구 구조, 경제사회적 여건이 변화하면서 가정 또는 외식·급식을 통한 상품김치 수요가 증가하고 있으며, 전 세계적인 한류 문화 확산과 함께 김치 수출이 크게 증가하고 있어, 김치의 경제적, 산업적 중요성도 커지고 있다.

그러나 소비자의 김치 섭취량의 지속적인 감소, 김치산업의 구조적 영세성, 값싼 중국산 김치 수입의 증가 등 김치산업이 직면하고 있는 다양한 문제들이 김치산업의 현재 및 미래의 지속적인 발전을 어렵게 하고 있다. 문화, 산업, 경제적 측면에서의 김치산업의 중요성을 고려할 때 김치산업 발전을 모색할 필요가 있다. 특히 김치산업이 국내 주요 농산물의 대량 수요처라는 점에서, 김치산업의 발전은 농산물 수급 안정과 농업의 지속적인 발전을 위해서도 필수적이다.

그간 김치산업에 관한 다양한 연구가 이루어졌으나, 원료 생산·조달, 제조, 유통·판매, 소비 등 김치산업 관련한 전 단계에서 김치산업 관련한 실태를 구체적으로 파악하고, 김치산업의 발전과 경쟁력 강화 방안을 도출한 연구는 드물다. 이 연구는 김치산업을 둘러싼 내외부적 여건 및 환경 변화와 단계별·부문별 현황과 실태를 면밀히 검토하고, 이를 바탕으로 김치산업이 경쟁력을 강화하고, 지속적 산업 발전을 달성함으로써 농업 발전에도 기여할 수 있는 과제와 방안을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 추진되었다.

Background and Purpose Along with changes in socioeconomic and demographic conditions, the size of the domestic kimchi market has expanded, and so has the kimchi industry. In addition, as the export of kimchi products continues to increase, kimchi, as a driver for developing overseas markets for agri-food, has solidified its significance in economic and industrial terms.

The kimchi industry is an industry that has enormous economic and industrial impacts on other industries as it is connected with various sectors and economic entities in the process, from raw material production and procurement to manufacturing, distribution, sales, and consumption. In particular, it is an industry that is highly dependent on raw materials to produce products using various agricultural products in the form of raw materials and other agri-food ingredients. While it is closely linked with agriculture, playing the role of a large-scale consumer of major domestic agricultural products such as cabbage, radish, pepper, and garlic. Stable procurement of domestic agricultural products is essential for the stable production of domestic kimchi products and the development of the kimchi industry. At the same time, the kimchi industry plays an important role in stabilizing the supply and demand for primary agricultural products and for the sustainable development of agriculture.

To fully accomplish its role as a consumer of domestic agricultural products, the kimchi industry should promote continuous industrial development by solving problems that the kimchi industry faces internally and externally and creating new demand while responding to changing market conditions and environment.

Research Methodology We used literature reviews, questionnaires, statistical data analysis, and quantitative analysis to identify and analyze the current status of the kimchi industry to derive measures for the development and competitiveness of the kimchi industry. We inspected various data on the kimchi industry for literature reviews, including domestic and international research papers and policy data. Our surveys questioned 203 kimchi manufacturers, 43 kimchi importers, 513 restaurants, 300 catering facilities, 1,500 domestic consumers, 1,500 Japanese consumers, and 700 Taiwanese consumers.

Based on the survey results, we analyzed the factors affecting kimchi purchases by domestic consumers, restaurants, and food-service facilities. Also, we inspected the reasons influencing kimchi purchases by Taiwanese and Japanese consumers. Through simulation analysis using the KREI-KASMO (Korean Rural Economic Institute-Korea Agricultural Simulation Model), we studied the impact of changes in domestic and overseas demand for kimchi products on the agricultural sector and the kimchi industry.

As to the overseas market status, we commissioned research to KOTRA's overseas trade office. We investigated the current status of eight local markets in four countries: Beijing, Shanghai, and Qingdao in China, Los Angeles and New York in the United States, Tokyo and Osaka in Japan, and Taipei in Taiwan. We asked the Food and Nutrition Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture of China to review the current status of the kimchi market in China and the production and export of kimchi. Additionally, we commissioned various experts to write manuscripts to examine the kimchi-related cultural and educational projects and R&D status.

(For more information, please refer to the report.)

Researchers: Hwang Yunjae, Park Kihwan, Park Sihyun Research period: 2020. 1. ~ 2020. 10. E-mail address: yjhwang@krei.re.kr