농림업 분야 중점 협력국별 국제개발협력 전략 수립(3차년도): 인도네시아

Abstract

인도네시아는 우리나라 신남방정책의 핵심 대상국이자 국제개발협력사업의 중점 협력국가로서 경제협력과 개발협력에 있어서 중요한 국가이다. 또한 우리나라의 많은 민간기업이 해외농업자원개발 사업계획을 신고하고 인도네시아에서 현재 활동하고 있어 인도네시아는 농식품부의 해외농업자원개발의 중점진출국이기도 하다.

그러나, 우리나라의 제 2차 인도네시아 국가협력전략(CPS)에는 교통, 공공행정, 환경보호, 물관리 분야가 중점 협력 분야에 포함되어 있지만 농업·농촌분야는 이에 포함되어 있지 않다. 이로 인해 인도네시아에 대한 농업분야의 체계적인 개발협력 전략이 미흡한 상황이다.

이 연구는 인도네시아의 농림업 현황을 분석하고, 전략적 중점 협력 분야를 발굴하며, 중점 협력 분야의 가치사슬을 분석하여 인도네시아와의 개발협력을 위한 추진전략을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다.

Background and Purpose ○The Republic of Indonesia is a country that includes agricultural development (rural development) as one of the key areas of cooperation in Korea’s Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for Indonesia and it continues cooperation projects in the agricultural and rural sector with the Korean government. Moreover, the Republic of Indonesia is one of the key countries that the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs of Korea (MAFRA) selects for overseas agricultural resources development. Four private companies from Korea reported business operation plans for overseas agricultural resources development and currently operate business in the Republic of Indonesia. ○While the Country Partnership Strategy for the Republic of Indonesia includes key areas such as transportation, public administration, environment protection, water resource management, the agriculture and rural sector is not included in the CPS. This has caused a poor strategy for systematic development cooperation in Indonesia’s agricultural industry. ○This study intends to suggest an implementation strategy for development cooperation with the Republic of Indonesia, by analyzing the current status of the agriculture and forestry sector and the value chain of the key cooperation areas in Indonesia.

Research Methodology ○For this study, we used a literature review on the current status of Indonesian agriculture and agricultural policies. We utilized data and documents of the Export-Import Bank of Korea (K-EXIM) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to identify the flow of development cooperation in the Republic of Indonesia. ○As the field study for this research was not possible due to COVID-19, the KREI commissioned a research project for agricultural extension services and the added values of the rice sector in Indonesia to the Brawijaya University of Indonesia. The university carried out the commissioned research from July to October 2020. ○We surveyed online to collect opinions from a total of thirty-one agricultural experts on Indonesian agriculture (10 Korean experts and 21 Indonesian experts) from September 21st to October 23rd, 2020. Based on the result, we analyzed the sectoral and sub-sectoral importance of the agricultural value chain, by adopting the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model. We used the analysis outcome to establish an implementation strategy for development cooperation.

Key Findings ○The Republic of Indonesia produces palm oil, which accounts for 55.4% of the world’s total production. It is also a country known for the second-largest rubber production, the third-largest cacao production, and the fourth-largest coffee production. It cultivates a variety of agricultural goods. It is a producer of a massive amount of food crops, including rice and maize. Although it is the third-largest rice producer in the world, it imports a large amount of rice due to an increase in the local population and the reducing farmland. ○The Indonesian government established the Strategic Plan of the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture 2020~2024 as one of the mid-term development plans. The main objectives of the plan are as follows: 1) national food security, 2) increasing competitiveness and agricultural products’ values, 3) agricultural resources’ sustainability and infrastructure’s availability, 4) improvement of agricultural workforce, 5) achieving efficiency in service-oriented administration.

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