농촌지역 활성화와 일자리 창출을 위한 사회적기업 육성방안 연구(2/2차연도)

Abstract

농촌지역 인구의 과소화 및 고령화, 경제력 저하, 기초적인 사회서비스 부족으로 우리 농촌은 해체 위기에 처해 있다. 농촌지역사회의 문제를 해결하기 위한 다양한 농촌개발 정책들이 추진되고 있으며, 지역을 활성화시키기 위한 하나의 대안으로 사회적기업에 대한 관심이 높아지고, 정부의 적극적 육성정책과 새로운 활로를 모색하고자 하는 지역민들의 노력이 만나면서 여러 영역에서 사회적기업이 생겨나고 있다. 사회적기업이 가지는 태생적인 한계에 더하여 농촌지역의 사회적기업은 가용 자원의 부족, 기업운영 역량 부족, 투자자본의 부족 등 많은 어려움을 가지고 있다. 2년차인 이 연구에서는 농촌지역 사회적기업의 문제점을 파악하고, 이에 대한 제도개선방안을 도출했으며, 유형화의 이론에 근거를 두고 농촌지역 사회적기업에 대한 유형화와 유형별 차별적 정책 시행의 필요성 및 방안을 제시했고, 사회적기업의 성공에 아주 중요한 역할을 하는 중간지원조직의 실태를 파악하여 농촌지역 사회적기업을 위한 중간지원조직의 바람직한 운영방향과 방안을 제시했으며, 농촌지역의 사회적기업에 대한 실질 조사를 통해 업종별 사업모델을 모색했다. 또한, 농촌지역 사회적기업을 육성하기 위해 농촌지역 사회적기업이 가지는 환경적 제약요인을 극복하기 위한 육성방안을 제시하였다.

This is the second year report of the two-year collaborative research entitled 'A study on alternatives promoting social enterprises for re-vitalizing rural areas and creating jobs in rural areas. This study consists of four sub-research subjects. Government has implemented various policies for promoting vitalization of rural areas. However, rural areas have collapsed due to the decrease of population, economic status, and the deficit of fundamental social services. Big businesses, which got benefit from opening market, cling to the pursuit of their profit maximization and close eyes on social responsibility. Recently, several departments of government are implementing various community development policies. Interests about the social enterprise as a third alternative have been escalated for making structural retardation of rural areas, community vitalization, and the increase of people's quality of life better. In particular, social enterprise promotion policy of the Ministry of Employment and Labor(MOEL) focused on job creation added "the type of community contribution" to it's policy purposes. According to this addition, social enterprises will contribute to the development of rural communities. However, similar policies have been propelled by several Ministries such as the promotion of village corporation, community business, and farming and fishing community corporation resulted in the problems of efficiency, complexity, and moral hazard of latent policy beneficiaries. The purposes of this study are to depict the problems of the promotion policy of social enterprise, to find out policy amendment directions, and to suggest alternatives promoting social enterprises in rural areas. We tried to establish typology of social enterprises based on theoretical base and to find out proper support alternatives based on various rural social enterprises. We also tried to suggest a proper intermediary support organization for rural social enterprises. In addition, we tried to set up business models for rural social enterprises based on business items. We found out several problems which are needed to be amended in order to promote social enterprise in rural areas. Included are as follows: MOEL's monopolistic certification system, inefficiency resulted from overlapping similar policies, ignorance of social economic conditions, the shortage of the diversity of supports, the ignorance of spacial distribution, the unsystematic intermediary support organizations, diffused implementation system, and the lower policy capacity of local governments. We suggested several alternatives to amend the policy system. Included are fostering project localization, applying different and various policy approaches to rural social enterprises, admitting general use of the name of 'social enterprise', preparing the second stage support system, differentiating supports from the business types and locations of social enterprises, depicting more social purposes, strengthening security and function of intermediary organizations and the establishment of their legal foundation, and establishing independent institution for social enterprise, and so on. We also develop some alternatives for developing social enterprises in rural areas. Included are as follows: national and regional networking and connecting regional resources, affirmative market for social enterprises, establishment of special investment funds for rural social enterprises, the expansion of partnership between general businesses and social enterprises, the establishment of advertising system, and the establishment of supporting system for education, consulting, and technology development. These alternatives are focused on the development of social enterprises in rural areas.

Researchers: Gyu-Cheon Lee, Nae-Won Oh, Sang-Jin Ma, Kwang-Sun Kim, Chang-Ho Kim Research Period: 2011.1~2011.10 e-mail address: gclee@krei.re.kr