농림업 분야 중점 협력국별 국제개발협력 전략 수립(3차년도): 미얀마

Abstract

농업은 미얀마의 아주 중요한 산업이지만, 농업GDP의 비중이 지속적으로 감소하는 추세를 보이고 있으며, 경제성장과 도시화로 인해 농촌인구의 비중이 감소하고 있다.또한 미얀마는 우리나라의 국가협력전략(CPS)상 중점 협력 분야에 농업 분야(지역개발)가 포함되어 있으며, 농식품부의 해외농업자원개발 중점진출국이기도 하다. 우리나라의 5개 민간기업이 해외농업자원개발 사업계획을 신고하고 미얀마에서 현재 활동하고 있다. 이와 같이, 미얀마는 우리나라 신남방정책의 대상국이자 국제개발협력사업의 중점 협력국가로서 개발협력에 있어서 중요한 국가이다. 따라서, 정부의 대외협력 정책과 개발협력사업의 효과성을 더욱 높이기 위해서는 미얀마와의 개발협력을 위한 전략적 핵심분야를 발굴하여 추진하는 것이 필요하다.

Background and Purpose○ Agriculture is a backbone industry in Myanmar. However, its share in the gross domestic product is declining, and so is the rural population due to economic development and urbanization.○Myanmar is a target country of Korea's New Southern Policy and a key partner for its international development cooperation projects. . Therefore, to further enhance the Korean government's overseas cooperation and development programs, it has to identify key strategic areas for development cooperation with Myanmar and execute those into action.Research Methodology○This study used relevant policy reports, documents, and statistical data from the Korea Exim Bank and international organizations, such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), to identify the current agricultural state, agricultural policies, and development cooperation with Myanmar.○As it is impossible to conduct an on-site investigation amid the COVID-19 situation, we requested a survey on the value chain of the sesame and vegetable sector to the Department of Planning, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Irrigation, from July to October 2020. We also conducted an online survey targeting eight local and 16 overseas experts on Myanmar from September 21 to October 23, 2020. The analytic hierarchy process analysis was used to understand the importance of each stage of the agricultural value chain and the significance of the lower indicators. We used the analysis results to establish an execution strategy for development cooperation with Myanmar. Key Findings and Implications○The agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector is the primary industry in Myanmar. It accounts for 25% of the total GDP, and 70%of its population lives in rural areas. The production of its major crops—such as rice, corn, peanut, sesame, green bean, and black green bean—continues to increase. Still, its agricultural productivity is low due to problems in farmland management, irrigation, farmers’ collaboration, and product distribution. ○Myanmar’s Agricultural Development Strategy Investment Plan (ADSIP, 2018/19-2022/23) is composed of 27 performance areas, targeting I) improving governance and enhancing related agencies’ capabilities, II) raising productivity and increasing income, and III) improving market linkage and competitiveness, under the pillars of governance, productivity, and competitiveness.○Between 2014 and 2018, Korea's assistance for Myanmar’s agricultural and rural development totaled USD 56.17 million, while all donor agencies donated USD 1.57 billion. Of the development assistance committee members of the OECD, Japan, the U.S., France, the Switzerland, and Korea were the large contributors. In particular, Japan’s financial assistance was much larger than others. (For more information, please refer to the report.)